Gilgamesh s Death Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh - 1536 Words

In life, everyone is always seeking for more . More wealth, more friends, more time. This idea traces back into the earliest of civilizations, such as in Mesopotamia. As seen in the Epic of Gilgamesh, the main character Gilgamesh wants to become more godlike as to escape death. Already two-thirds god, Gilgamesh wishes to eliminate the part of him that forces him to face death. Death becomes a large issue for Gilgamesh, one that cannot be overcome or avoided due to the fact that while he is part god he is also human, and as part human he must succumb to the fatal flaw of all humans, death. However Gilgamesh s fear of death does not surface until he witnesses Enkidu die. Enkidu s death causes Gilgamesh s fear of death to arise along with many other facts about the world that Gilgamesh simply never notices when Enkidu was with him. While some may say that Enkidu had caused a larger impact on Gilgamesh s life when he was alive, Enkidu in fact had a larger impact on Gilgamesh after his d eath due to the fact that it made Gilgamesh realize his own fear of death. After becoming accustomed to the company of someone for so long it seems strange when they are taken away without warning. Enkidu, during his life, acted mainly as a protector and friend to Gilgamesh, guarding him from demons, bulls, and even dreams. However once Enkidu died Gilgamesh no longer had Enkidu to protect him. An adversary gloried over him in struggle, and in the dream who knows who won? 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The Epic of Gilgamesh was written around 600 B.C.E. but theRead MoreEpic Of Gilphash Essay : The Epic Of Gilgamesh1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia and the poem was originally written on twelve clay tablets. An epic is a extended narrative poem centered on either a larger than life hero or a heroine that’s written in a dignified way. An epic usually has it where the hero is in search for either immortality, gods, or other supernatural creatures while delivering an impactful message. The Epic of Gilgamesh is called an epic because the poem has all of the characteristics of a traditionalRead MoreReview Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1301 Words   |  6 Pagesis the call to adventure or the protagonist s separation from his or her daily life. The next stage is the , threshold stage. After threshold is initiation or loss and the fin al stages are, the ultimate boon and return. 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A king who reigned over the Sumerian city-state of Uruk. He was two thirds a god and one third a man and created by the god’s themselves to guide humans. The relationship between humans and the gods was complicated, the Gods come off as very powerful and interfere with the lives of humans as they chose, For example ,when people complain about Gilgamesh being a ruler who does not treat his people well â€Å" Gilgamesh sounds the tocsin for his amusement

Essay on Following Instincts in Lord of the Flies by Golding

Be civil, or be savage, the conflict between the instincts, stuck in the mind of boys who arrive at an unknown island after a plane crash. In many parts of the book Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, the lost boys face an inner conflict between their instinct to be civil, and their instinct to be savage. Some conflicts are faced in the novel throughout different scenes, such as; playing around, jealousy, hunger, mistrust, and death. Both the main characters, Ralph and Jack, are used as excellent examples to portray this idea of civil and barbaric, this comes as the group of boys separate. Because Ralph and Jack were on odds since the beginning, the group of boys eventually separates, giving them the choice to choose their own leader.†¦show more content†¦It is clear that some boys want to be civil and other boys just want to be savage. Ralph, Piggy and Simon represent the instinct to be civil. Simon was sensitive, goodhearted, and kind. Piggy was intelligent and only w anted best for the boys, and Ralph was a leader, someone all the boys could look up to. They all wanted to be organized and treat the little ones well and equally. On the other hand, Jack and Roger represent the instinct to be savage. They manipulated and integrated evil into their groups. They treated the little ones as if they were slaves or servants and they think that the strongest one should be the leader. This is a valid example because it shows the conflict between the civil and savage instincts of the boys. It clearly shows how the boys are being separated because of this instinct. It also clearly shows that because of this instinct, Jack no longer wants to cooperate with Ralph because he is jealous of his power. Another way to demonstrate the divergence between Jack’s group and Ralph’s group is when some boys, instead of working to create a better place for them to live, are busy playing and splashing in the waters of the island. 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He conveys his views through the ever growingRead MoreHuman Nature - Are Humans Naturally Good or Evil?1481 Words   |  6 Pagesis brought up in Lord of the Flies by William Golding, when innocent boys find themselves on a deserted island attempting to create a society similar to ours. What circumstances occur to them? How do past influences affect them? Are their actions good or evil? The actions of the boys were not a matter of being good or evil, but were actions for survival. A persons environment does not draw him towards good or evil, nor is he or she born with it inside. Humans have instincts that are not affairsRead MoreMorality And Society In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies914 Words   |  4 Pagespremise, derived from his most popular novel, Lord of the Flies, is dramatically true, as displayed throughout the intense and realistic plot. What is innate, however, is the instinct for savagery. 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Nursing Leadership Approaches in Leadership and Management

Question: Discuss about the term about Nursing Leadership for Approaches in Leadership and Management? Answer: Today, nursing turnover and the shortage is considered as a major issue, which is affecting nurses in their duty while providing quality care to the patients. From researches, it is found that shortage of nurses in a health care system can decrease job satisfaction as well as has an impact on the access to patient care (Hayes et al., 2012). On the other hand, it is increasing the turnover number. This paper is aimed to discuss the role of the nursing leaders and managers in order to deal with the increasing turnover number among the nurses. An increasing number of stirring of registered nurses is the main reason behind the rising graph of the nursing shortage. The number of retirements in the nursing field is more than the number of joining fresh nurses after completion of their graduation courses (O'BRIEN PALLAS et al., 2010). Another reason for the nursing shortage is the increasing number of older people in a community, who seek care from the nurses. According to the researchers, the number of young nurses is lesser than the number of experienced nurses. In the field of nursing, it is important to maintain a continuous flow of young nurses in this field. Also, this profession also needs experienced and registered nurses under a strong leadership. Comparing and Contrasting How Nursing Leaders and Managers Address the Issues To fight against the high rate of nursing shortage many steps can be taken by the management authority of a health care system. To deal with the current situation the management need to provide coverage for relocation as well as bonuses to the nurses who are eager to relocate. According to the researchers, 1/3 of the total nurses soon going to be 50 years or more than that (Giallonardo et al., 2010). This is a huge challenge to the nursing managers to provide essential supports to the elderly nurses in order to get best quality care from them. In this context, the leadership management needs to prepare and implement an advanced model of the patient care system in order to make sure that the elderly nurses do not get into any trouble while providing care. Also, it is the responsibilities of nursing management to prepare new technologies, which can be proved as helpful to achieve effective practices. The nursing managers can also play an important role to retain the employee numbers in a health care system (Cowden et al., 2011). To retain the employees, management needs to collect feedbacks from the employee in a regular manner and recognize the valuable works of the employees. It is the responsibilities of the managers to develop an intrinsic motivation among the nurses. Besides, they also need to maintain communication between the culture of a particular organization and to value as well as respecting the nursing caregivers (Laschinger, 2012). To make sure that the nurses should provide their best care, the nursing managers have to take entire responsibilities formulating HR (Human Resource) policies. Implementation of better HRM policies may be proved as fruitful to ensure positive as well as the high performance of the nurses (Welding, 2011). Proper HRM policies are helpful to take care of nurse's benefits and wages while considering the flexibility in the working places. The policies need to be prepared on different aspects; that may include realistic job previews, proper training, career ladders, etc. The nurse managers should be thoughtful and effective in order to provide motivating and positive care practices in a health care organization. On the other hand, the role of nurse leaders is to attribute a "positive environment" for the good of the patients. Their role is to provide safe, efficient and effective manners. The people are recognized as the capital of an organization; therefore, it is the responsibilities of a nursing leader to take care of the human capital as well as the employees within the organization. On the other hand, it is observed that leadership behavior attributes directly in the retention of the nurses in a health care system. The staff nurses always recognize their relationship with the nursing leaders and this aspect has a direct impact on the stability of a health care system. The attitude of the nurse leaders has impact in the context of nursing staff turnover, as they are entirely responsible for providing support and guidance to the fellow nurses (Fennimore Wolf, 2011). From the research it is found that there are three types of interventions can be taken by the nurse leaders, which are impo rtant in order to retain the nurses in an organization, such as autonomy, recognition, and communication. It is the task of the nurse leaders to frost the organizational cultures as well as nursing behaviors. The leaders in the nursing field need to focus on the strategies, which address many factors controlled by the employers and directly linked with the nurse retention. Best Suited Approach for the my Personal Leadership Style From the study of different types of leadership models, I found my best leadership approach style, which is transformational leadership. It is well versed that transformational leadership is helpful to promote a high and efficient performance level in the health care system. Transformational leadership is considered as best approach as it ensures fewer disruptions and many motivations among the nurses. With the help of this approach, I will be able to identify conflict or barriers among my team mates and can take steps to resolve their problems. This leadership approach is helpful to allow the teammates to work together and explore their innovations. As a leader, I would like to be a part of the team by providing my team mates a vision and influencing them in their work. Being a transformational leader, I will be able to practice ethical principles and extract the best work from the nurses in the organization. Conclusion The role of the nursing managers includes responsibility for the daily operations of a health care system and act as an adhesive to hold the whole management system and workers together (Laschinger et al., 2012). It is found that the attitude of nursing managers is helpful to promote an efficient attitude towards the health care system as well as enhancing nurses commitments, intent to stay and increasing their satisfaction. Nursing leaders or managers can follow different types of leaderships; however, their aim should remain same, which is to extract best works from the nursing staffs. References Cowden, T., Cummings, G., PROFETTO MCGRATH, J. O. A. N. N. E. (2011). Leadership practices and staff nurses intent to stay: a systematic review.Journal of nursing management,19(4), 461-477. Fennimore, L., Wolf, G. (2011). Nurse manager leadership development: leveraging the evidence and system-level support.Journal of Nursing Administration,41(5), 204-210. Giallonardo, L. M., Wong, C. A., Iwasiw, C. L. (2010). Authentic leadership of preceptors: predictor of new graduate nurses' work engagement and job satisfaction.Journal of nursing management,18(8), 993-1003. Hayes, L. J., OBrien-Pallas, L., Duffield, C., Shamian, J., Buchan, J., Hughes, F., ... North, N. (2012). Nurse turnover: a literature reviewan update.International journal of nursing studies,49(7), 887-905. Laschinger, H. K. S. (2012). Job and career satisfaction and turnover intentions of newly graduated nurses.Journal of nursing management,20(4), 472-484. Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C. A., Grau, A. L. (2012). The influence of authentic leadership on newly graduated nurses experiences of workplace bullying, burnout and retention outcomes: A cross-sectional study.International journal of nursing studies,49(10), 1266-1276. O'BRIEN PALLAS, L. I. N. D. A., Murphy, G. T., Shamian, J., Li, X., Hayes, L. J. (2010). Impact and determinants of nurse turnover: a pan Canadian study.Journal of nursing management,18(8), 1073-1086. Welding, N. M. (2011). Creating a nursing residency: Decrease turnover and increase clinical competence.Medsurg nursing,20(1), 37.

Drug Identification with Gas Chromatography Mass S Essay Example For Students

Drug Identification with Gas Chromatography Mass S Essay pectrometryDrugs are used everyday by people in many different ways for many different reasons. Drug testing has become a standard in pre-employment testing, because of the wide variety of drug use in todays society. Drugs tested for by a possible employer include Cocaine (crack), Amphetamines (crystal), Opiates (codeine, morphine, heroin), PCP (phencyclidine), and Marijuana. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is used to test hair and urine samples of possible drug abusers or job applicants, and it is the best method for the testing of drug use. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are two different methods for identifying chemical substances, and the two instruments have be coupled together to perform a highly complementary analytical function. The gas chromatograph and the mass spectrometer have theories behind how their techniques work, and specific forensic applications for their instrumentation. The history and theory of the gas chromatography started over forty years ago with the invention of the capillary column. The gas chromatograph offers rapid and very high-resolution separations of a very wide range of compounds, with the only restriction that the analyzed substance needs to have sufficient volatility. The theory behind the mass spectrometer is to use the difference in mass-to-charge ratio (m/e) of ionized atoms or molecules to separate them from each other. Mass spectrometry is therefore useful for quantitation of atoms or molecules and also for determining chemical and structural information about molecules. Molecules have distinctive fragmentation patterns that provide structural information to identify structural components. The combination of the gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer is very easy, because both instrument needs to be modified in excess and both are analyzed in the gas phase and have comparable sample levels and temperature ranges. The ! most important feature of the tw o instruments being coupled is that they perform complementary analytical functions.The instrumentation of the gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer is very complex. The instruments parts include an injector, a carrier gas, a column, a separator, an ionization source, mass separator, and an ion detector. The injector is located on the gas chromatograph and is where the sample gas is injected into the instrument to start the process. The sample gas is then mixed with a carrier gas, which is the mobile phase in gas chromatography. The mixture proceeds into the capillary column where the separation of the sample begins. The capillary column is 15 to 60 meters in length and . 25 to .75 millimeters in diameter. Once through the capillary column the now separated sample enters the separator. The separator connects the gas chromatograph with the mass spectrometer, and separates the carrier gas from the separated components of the mixture. The sample now enters the mass spectrometers ionization source where the sample molecules are fragmented and created into! positively charged ions by high beam electrons. The fragmented positively charged ions now pass through the mass separator, which is a magnetic field. The mass separator isolates the fragmented sample into their masses. The isolated masses are read by an ion detector and then displayed as a mass chromatogram. A mass chromatograph is a graph of ion m/e abundance in relation to time. The gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer or GC/MS produces a mass chromatogram of a substance that acts like a fingerprint for a chemical substance. The idea that a GC/MS produces a fingerprint for a chemical substance makes this instrument a very attractive option when testing for drug identification, and testing people for drug use. Forensic scientists find a drugs identification by using a GC/MS, and use the mass chromatogram in comparison with the test results of another unknown mass chromatogram. If the two mass chromatograms match then the tested chemical substance is that drug it was matched against. Another application is using a GC/MS and testing hair or urine samples of people to determine if the subject uses drugs. Drugs tested for might encompass such well-known drugs as Cocaine (crack), Amphetamines (crystal), Opiates (codeine, morphine, heroin), PCP (phencyclidine), and Marijuana. Today, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has become the premier technique for separations and analysis of drugs. .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .postImageUrl , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:hover , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:visited , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:active { border:0!important; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:active , .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3 .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5d4051eb49297544f3e42de7cffbc1d3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: David Nouhian December 21, 1998 Essay Employers will often test prospective employees for drug use. They test with either hair or urine samples of the prospective employee, and run the sample(s) through a GC/MS to determine if the possible employee has used drugs. They determine this by comparing mass chromatograms of known drugs with that of the test sample. The gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer is known as the best resource to prove the identification of a chemical substance, such as a drug, because of the mass chromatographs that act like a fingerprint of a chemical substance.

Charles Sandburg poetry Flashcard

Charles Sandburg poetry

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Principles

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Principles Red Cross: Its Mission and Purpose The American Red Cross is a humanitarian, not-for-profit organization that has been organize by volunteers and guided by its Congressional Charter, as well as the fundamental principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (The American Red Cross, 2011). The venture provides help to people who became the victims of natural disasters and catastrophe so as to prevent and react to the emergencies.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross, humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary services, and universality are five main pillars shaping the organization’s main mission and purposes (The American Red Cross, 2011). Hence, the Red Cross has been created to provide assistance to people irrespect ive of race, nationality and social status to prevent and diminish the consequences of disaster. Its core purpose is to support victims of disasters and protect their health (The American Red Cross, 2011). Finally, organization promotes a message about cooperation, understanding, friendship and lasing peace all over the world. The movement remains independent because it is not subject to government and the laws of different countries. Red Cross Crisis in Haiti: Exploring the Facts and Consequences Two years ago, the population of Haiti suffered from a 7.0 earthquake leading to significant destructions and leaving millions of people without home. Minnesota, along with other U.S. states, responded actively to the disaster and donated a significant sum of money for improving the situation in Haiti. Now, the Red Cross has introduced a two-year report on the efforts and actions taken in Haiti to relieve the population (MyFox, 2012). The report presents significant progress in front of se rious challenge, but some of the presented facts can lead to negative publicity concerning the action plan (MyFox, 2012). The point is that the American Red Cross got nearly $ 486 million in donations whereas $ 330 million were spent only on Haiti recovery efforts (MyFox, 2012). One the one hand, many questions arise concerning the remaining sum of money. One the other hand, the Red Cross’s campaign has not been completed yet and, therefore, there are no reasons for rushing in conclusions. Identifying Specific Goals and Their Rationale As the world-known non-profit organization, the Red Cross should introduce a new form of reporting through publicly presenting information about financial matters. In such a way, it is possible to enhance information transparency and accuracy to ensure the population of their donations invested to prevent disasters.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15 % OFF Learn More Specifically, the report does not only improve communication and relation with outside stakeholders, but also attract more investors. Sustainability reporting can also enhance the Red Cross reputation and contribute to effective alleviation of critical situations. Introducing sustainability reporting system can help the organizations several goals. To begin with, the Red Cross can uncover a number of opportunities for development, as well as provide a full picture of existing problems in the country and outside it. Second, organizational performance and sustainability can improve organization’s relation with the most influential investors and monitor all environmental, social, and economical aspects of development influencing the activities and efforts initiated by the Red Cross. Finally, external disclosure of information can increase chances of the organization to create a powerful network for eliminating the consequences of natural disaster s. In addition, the new reporting system can sustain organization’s reputation at an appropriate level and increase its influence all over the world. Defining Steps for Achieving the Established Goals In order to achieve the identified goals, a specific framework should be established. A changing pattern can be introduced through a number of steps. First of all, it is purposeful to identify the main target of the organization, which will be environment, people, community, and human resource management (Global Reporting Initiative, 2011). Second, it is necessary to organize a survey to define how people evaluate the action and effects presented by the organization (Global Reporting Initiative, 2011). Third, organization should focus on the most problematic areas to define the main strengths and weaknesses of those. Finally, the Red Cross should establish effective schemes of responding to disasters, as well as plan the reports on efforts and reliefs within shorter periods of t ime. Introducing a management approach can significantly increase productivity and performance, as well as attract more volunteers to take part in different missions. Reporting about the impact of Red Cross activities on the community should also be launches for the American to have a better idea of the importance of developing the organization. More importantly, the above-presented principles and steps are congruent with the mission and purpose of the organization. The only difference is that it provides a transparent picture of all operations. With regard to the Red Cross crisis in Haiti, the following framework can be presented:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduce a detailed report on the financial resources used during the disaster; Provide an account on the remaining sum of money that can be distrib uted for reconstruction of buildings and technological devices for improving safety and quality of life in Haiti. Establish new principle of mutual interaction between people investing money and people receiving help. Specifically, it is important for investors to know how their money is used for eliminating the disaster. Evaluation Plan: Assessing the Outcomes Many companies, including non-profit organization, strive to work out effective strategy for managing people and monitoring daily operations and activities. Because the American Red Cross is a powerful organization possessing a great number volunteers working for them, it is rational to pay attention to such issues as diversity, information exchange, and public influence on the organizational performance. The introduction of the action plan should provide the corresponding correction to the established mission and purpose of an organization. More importantly, the given plan can provide a solid platform for further developmen t in terms of information spread among mass media. The latter should be carefully considered because failure to establish favorable relation with mass media can lead to shaping negative reputation, which can also influence organization’s activities. In this respect, consistence and transparency can help the Haiti population to recover after the earthquake in the shortest possible time. By changing the policy to the employees/volunteers, the organization acquires greater chances to receive recognition and reputation among the external environment. Hence, volunteers will be more concerned with the outside environment; more importantly, they become more consistent while implanting the Global Reporting Initiative principles of managing reports. Indeed, sustainability reporting fully meets the needs of the organization because it is also directed at improving social, economic and environment climate. So, the accomplishment of the defined goal will lead an organization to an upper level of development and provide more incentives to work better. References Global Reporting Initiative (2011). G3.1 Guidelines. Web. MyFox. (2012). What Happened to You Haiti Earthquake Donation? Web. The American Red Cross. (2011). Mission Statement. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Lockheed Martin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Lockheed Martin - Essay Example The willingness and determination of executive management has played a significant role in establishing future growth in the present and even in the years to come. In essence, Lockheed Martin Corporation has a strong management team, which for the past years has helped the company stay ahead of its competitors. The persistence and determination towards the fulfilment of its mission and visions rests in the management team. The company has a strong culture that boosts talent development on its skilled employees. This builds a strong team that understands the goals and objectives of the company and how they can attain them. The primary purpose of the company is to offer professional improvement in an appropriate way that meets the needs and expectations of clients and shareholders. Thus far, the aim of this paper is to discuss the management area of Lockheed Martin Company and in doing will discuss its mission statement, short term, long term goals. Mission Statements To Hartung (2011) , the company’s mission statement is straightforward, to be dynamic, ethical, and technology oriented in the global market. This corporation believes that innovation is the key to success. With this, the company helps the clients achieve the best products and services that suits the needs of the 21st technology world. The company provides the highest standards of ethical conducts in all they do, which as a result, helps in converting the first clients to frequent and potential clients. The company believes that integrity and honesty is the cornerstone of the business’s success. It recognizes that success can only be achieved if the business strives to abide by the laws implemented in the United States and other countries. The company recognizes that its success and growth as an enterprise depends on the skills, expertise, and talent of people and the ability to work as an integrated team. The company appreciates diversity and foster a positive relationship among the co lleagues, partners, clients, and the management team. Overall, the company understand the importance and its mission and creates a strong ground where employees understand it and work towards attaining the set goals and objectives. Lockheed strives to flourish in every aspect of its business with determination and perseverance to succeed regardless of any obstacle that comes the way. The company believes that it has what it takes to be competitive in the 21st century where technology has peaked well. As technology advance from one level to the other, the company intends to embrace every opportunity that would make the company succeed in the 21st world. The management team understand that innovation is the key aspect to growth. The management team understand the importance of its mission and strive to embrace ever challenge with right attitude and determination to succeed (Hartung, 2011), Short Terms Goals Some of the short-term goals include increasing in sales and revenues. On a mo nth basis, the company calculates the total sales and revenues and thereafter makes the judgement on whether the company has achieved its target sales and revenues. On a monthly basis, the corporation conducts an assessment, which helps the management team to access areas that need improvement. With this, one would argue that one of the Lockheed’s short term goals is to satisfy clients with best products and services, which satisfy their needs and wants. Still,

Compare Chinese and American national cybersecurity policies (or more Term Paper

Compare Chinese and American national cybersecurity policies (or more countries)) - Term Paper Example The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the national cyber security policies that have been applied in China and America and to provide viable solutions to the weaknesses in these policies. By drawing from a wide range of theoretical and statistical resources, it will be possible to compare the performance of the cyber security policies in these countries. A critical analysis of the materials will provide an adequate ground to provide workable solutions to that will help the government to improve cyber security policies in their countries. Chinese versus American National Cyber Security Introduction Cyber security is a term that emerged immediately after the development of a data-centric world that is driven by the internet and online presence. As the global trends demand more engagement of the internet and all business operations become driven by this technology, the need for data security has risen due to the existence of hacking and identity theft as the man a t the middle gains access to sensitive information during its transmission. Even today, many organizations and citizens continue to be victims of victims of cybercrime sending an alarm to the government to implement online security to assure safety of sensitive business transactions. China and America are among the countries that have focused on the cyber security to guarantee safety of information in online business. The purpose of this paper is to make a comparison between the America cyber security policies with those that have been deployed in China. To draw this comparison, the policies applied in each country will be analyzed and their impact on data security will be evaluated. A secondary research will be conducted from a wide range of materials including government reports and validated research works to gather authentic information. The information so obtained will be related to the subject topic to form a basis of the conclusions. From the research, it will be possible to provide recommendations for alternative mechanisms that can be used to beef up cyber security and guarantee safety of information sent over the networks. This will provide a substantial platform for the improvement of data security policies not only in China and America, but also across other nations that have been hit with the blow of cybercrime in the business environment. Background of Cybercrime and Cyber-Security Cybercrime refers to the use of software, fish-mails or peculiar malware to obtain user information illegally during a data transmission process. With the current increase in online monetary transactions, the cyber criminals have vested more efforts to obtain information from citizens and business organization. For instance, when an online banker feeds their credentials into the online accounts, it is possible for hackers to obtain this information and use it to make illegal transactions. According to United States Department of Crime and Justice, (2013) about 5 millio n Americans are hacked every year and their identity information is used and at least $50 million dollars is lost to cyber-criminals. In China, Anderson reports that in China, over 700,000 web users fall victim of cybercrime every without their knowledge and over $874 million is lost to fraudsters. Despite the imperative efforts that have been engaged to tackle the problem, cybercrime continues to be a big problem in many countries. The 2013 cybercrime report presented by Sophos new

State Laws on Corporal Punishment Research Paper

State Laws on Corporal Punishment - Research Paper Example Although United States of America has made noticeable progress in addressing challenges that are associated with corporal punishment in public schools, human rights activists have observed that, a lot of work need to be done in order to effectively protect children against violation of their basic right. Moreover, present corporal policies prohibit use of corporal punishment by teachers and other school administrators. According to the existing policies, any form of corporal punishment against students is illegal and anyone or professional who engages in such kind of punishment should face severe legal punishment. In addition to the existing policy that bans corporal punishment in schools, the country’s constitution has a provision that defines the role of federal government in regard to protecting children basic rights. By referring to the existing law, all children in the country ought to be brought up in a proper environment that enhances human dignity and freedom. Accordin g to United States of America constitution, everyone who is less than 18 years is children who require maximum protection from the government. As described by the existing policies, all America children must be protected from illegal or harmful practices as well as intentional physical injuries. As states in the existing law, nobody in the society including teachers or parent is entitled to corporally punish children (Rankin & Wells, 2011). However, although there are effective laws that protect children basic rights, the implementation of these policies has become a common hindrance towards the realization of the full benefit of these policies. Lack of effective implementation of corporal policies significantly reduced... This report stresses that based on the available information, it is factual to state that, there is very close relationship between administrative acceptance and current nature of corporal punishment in American public schools. Teachers and school administrators assumes that, corporal punishment is the only effective ways of punishing children in public learning institutions. Moreover, schools administrators do no deal effectively with parents complains. There is also ineffective communication between parents and teachers in regard to children punishment. Lack of effective and immediate sanction on teachers and other school administrators who violate the existing policy on corporal punishment can as well be associated with corporal punishment. This paper makes a conclusion that the existing literature review has found a very close relationship between social acceptance and corporal punishment both in school and at home. Incidences such as approval of corporal punishment in America schools by parents, poor follow up and lack of effective mechanism of reporting cases of corporal punishment have also significantly contributed to the increasing cases of corporal punishment in public schools in America. Moreover, although corporal punishment is seen as useful means of punishing children, a good number of parents and policy makers do not recognize corporal punishment as the most effective mean of punishing children.

Domestic violence: A brief critical analysis of impact and interventions

Domestic violence: A brief critical analysis of impact and interventions DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: A BRIEF CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPACT AND INTERVENTIONS BUILT ON A DEFINITIONAL, HISTORICAL, AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATION â€Å"And yet I fear you, for youre fatal then When your eyes roll so. Why I should fear I know not, Since guiltiness I know not, but yet I feel I fear.† Introduction The introductory quotation by Desdemona expresses her fear of Othello’s rage (Shakespeare, 1604, cited in Meyersfeld, 2003) at the same time eloquently conveying the terror implicit in domestic violence and demonstrating that domestic violence is not a new phenomenon. Neither is domestic violence a rare occurrence. According to the British government, domestic violence affects millions of lives. The following statistics are quoted from the official government website (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005): one in four women and one in six men will be victims of domestic violence in their lifetime with women at greater risk of repeat victimisation and serious injury; 89 percent of those suffering four or more incidents are women; one incident of domestic violence is reported to the police every minute; on average, two women a week are killed by a current or former male partner; and domestic violence accounts for 16 percent of all violent crime. This essay will demonstrate that the issue of domestic violence is a complex one, much more complex than the term itself might convey. Indeed, domestic violence is complex in terms of its very definition, complex in terms of its theoretical explanations, complex in terms of gender relevance, complex in terms of its effects, and complex in terms of interventions to prevent and deal with its occurrence. The essay begins with a presentation and critique of various definitions for domestic violence, an exploration of the historical evolution of domestic violence as a societal concern, and a discussion and critique of theoretical explanations for domestic violence including consideration of the relevance of gender. This foundation will be used as a basis for exploring the impact of domestic violence upon its direct and indirect victims and the value and efficacy of the current resources, initiatives, and support networks used in combating domestic violence and assisting its victims. Final ly, concluding remarks will be presented. A Critique on Definitions of Domestic Violence Finding a generally-accepted definition for domestic violence proved to be an elusive endeavor. This may be because there is no consensus definition of the term (Laurence and Spalter-Roth, 1996; Contemporary Womens Issues Database, May 1996; Contemporary Womens Issues Database, July 1996). Each writer seems to define the term to fit his or her topic or agenda. For instance, Chez (1994, cited in Gibson-Howell, 1996), in focusing on female victims of domestic violence, defines the term as â€Å"the repeated subjection of a woman to forceful physical, social, and psychological behavior to coerce her without regard to her rights.† Some definitions are basic and general: â€Å"a pattern of regularly occurring abuse and violence, or the threat of violence, in an intimate (though not necessarily cohabitating) relationship† (Gibson-Howell, 1996, citing Loring and Smith, 1994). Other definitions are comprehensive and specific (Manor, 1996; Neufield, 1996; Asian Pages, 1998; Josi ah, 1998; Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 1999; Danis, 2003; Verkaik, 2003). The more comprehensive definitions, although phrased differently, typically possess the following common elements: a pattern of abusive behavior (as contrasted to a single event); the abusive behavior involves control, coercion, and/or power; the abusive behavior may be physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and/or financial; and the victim of the abusive behavior is a cohabitating or non-cohabitating intimate partner or spouse. The British government has adopted one of the more expansive descriptions of domestic violence, one that includes all of the foregoing elements: â€Å"Any incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality. Beyond the basic definition, the government furnishes further description of domestic violence as â€Å"a pattern of abusive and controlling behaviour† by which the abuser attempts to gain power over the victim. The government contends that domestic violence crosses age, gender, racial, sexuality, wealth, and geographical lines. (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005) Interestingly, the definition offered by the government expands the description to include other â€Å"family members† in addition to â€Å"intimate partners.† Historical Evolution of the Recognition of Domestic Violence as a Societal Concern The issue of domestic violence, particularly violence against female spouses, was a topic of societal concern dating from the first marriage law instituted by Romulus in 75 B.C. But the concern was not in preventing domestic violence; to the contrary; the concern was in support of â€Å"wife beating†Ã¢â‚¬â€legally and institutionally—a condition that existed through the early twentieth century. (Danis, 2003, citing Dobash and Dobash, 1979). English common law, until the late nineteenth century, â€Å"structured marriage to give a husband superiority over his wife in most aspects of the relationship.† This â€Å"sanctioned superiority† gave the husband the right to â€Å"command his wife’s obedience, and subject her to corporal punishment or ‘chastisement’ if she defied his authority.† (Tuerkheimer, 2004, citing Siegel, 1996) The beginning of the twentieth century witnessed the dismantling of laws specifically condoning control a nd violence; however, the laws were not replaced by codes that protected victims from abuse. Instead, â€Å"marital privacy† became the standard. Essentially, abuse was considered to be a family problem, not one in which society had an interest. (Turekheimer, 2004) Not until the feminist movement of the late 1960s and 1970s was public interest in domestic violence piqued (Danis, 2003, citing Schechter, 1982). With little public or private funding, feminist activists set up shelters for female victims of domestic violence. They also pressed for laws to punish offenders and promoted training of social workers and other professions to recognize domestic violence and treat its victims. (Contemporary Women’s Issues Database, May 1996). From these humble beginnings, over the last thirty-plus years, public awareness has been enhanced dramatically, increasing amounts of public and private funding have been allocated for shelters, domestic violence laws have been strengthened, and social workers and other professionals (e.g. school personnel, healthcare professionals, police officers) have been trained to recognize signs of, and provide treatment to those affected by, domestic violence. Today, in the early years of the new millennium, the way in which society views domestic violence is continuing to evolve. Physical abuse of wives was the initial focus of intervention initiatives. Drawing on research presented earlier, sexual, emotional, psychological, and financial abuse have been added to physical abuse as types of domestic violence. And, many definitions of victims of domestic violence now include, in addition to wives, husbands and domestic partners of the same or different sex. Increasingly, too, children in the domestic arrangement are being included as victims of domestic violence. Theoretical Explanations for Domestic Violence and the Relevance of Gender Just as there is a lack of consensus on a single definition for domestic violence, â€Å"there is no single recognized causal theory for domestic violence.† In the absence of a single theory, at least four theories are used to explain why domestic violence occurs: social exchange/deterrence, social learning, feminist, and the ecological framework. (Danis, 2003) These theories, with their relevance to domestic violence, will be presented and critiqued in this section. A discussion of the relevance of gender in domestic violence will close out the section. Under the social exchange theory, human interaction is driven by pursuing rewards and avoiding punishments and costs. (Danis, 2003, citing Blau, 1964). Gelles and Cornell (1985, 1990, cited in Danis, 2003) contend that domestic violence occurs when costs do not outweigh rewards. Costs in this context include the potential for defensive physical action by the victim, potential of being arrested and imprisoned, loss of personal status, and dissolution of the domestic arrangement. The social learning theory suggests that people learn to be violent by being immediately rewarded or punished after they commit violent behavior, through what is called reinforcement, and by watching the experiences of others, called modeling (Danis, 2003, citing Bandura, 1973). According to some experts, there is a correlation between people who witness abusive behavior in their earlier lives and those who commit domestic violence later. (Danis, 2003, citing O’Leary, 1987). According to feminist theory, domestic violence emanates from a â€Å"patriarchal† school system which assigns men the responsibility for controlling and managing female partners (Danis, 2003, citing Dobash and Dobash, 1979; Yllo, 1993). Under this theory, domestic violence is attributed to a flaw in societal structure rather than to any specific individual male pathology. Finally, the ecological framework theory, in contending that no single theory can be used in explaining or predicting domestic violence, proposes risk factors for domestic violence and interventions to address it at three levels—the micro level (e.g. batterer programs), the meso level (e.g. police and the courts), and the macro level (e.g. a coordinated community approach). (Danis, 2003, citing Crowell and Burgess, 1996; Chalk and King, 1998). Each of these four theories offers valuable insight into domestic violence. For instance, the social exchange theory offers a basis for law enforcement and prosecution of offenders; the social learning theory helps to explain why children who witness abuse sometimes grow up to be abusers themselves thereby providing rationale for corrective interventions to â€Å"unlearn† abusive behavior; and the feminist theory supports interventions targeted at helping batterers to reform and helping to empower victims. But none of these theories seems to provide a comprehensive foundation on which a comprehensive approach for dealing with the many causal and outcome dimensions of domestic violence can be built. The more integrated ecological framework theory, however, seems to furnish the needed basis for such a comprehensive approach. Now attention will turn to the topic of the relevance of gender in domestic violence. Historically, as mentioned earlier, wives were considered to be the only victims of domestic violence. Today, husbands as well as same- or different-sex non-married partners are considered to be victims as well (Cruz, 2003). Although the statistics vary significantly (Leo, 1994), some indicating that the same number of men as women are victims of domestic violence (Leo, 1994; Simerman, 2002), most experts agree than women are most often the victims and, when they are victimized, the damage is usually more serious. The indication that women are most often victims has now gained official recognition. The British government contends that, although domestic violence is not restricted to a specific gender, â€Å"it consists mainly of violence by men against women.† (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005) The Potential Impact of Domestic Violence on Females, Mothers, and Children According to the Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (January 1996), â€Å"the most common victims (of domestic violence) are women and children.† With the acknowledgement that domestic violence affects men as well as women, the focus of the discussion in this section will be on the potential impact of domestic violence on females, generally, and on females in their role as mothers as well as on their children. Domestic violence against women can result in serious physical injuries, psychological trauma, and mental strain (Wha-soon, 1994). According to Wha-soon, physical injuries include â€Å"severe headaches, bruises, bone fractures, loss of eyesight, nervous paralysis, insomnia and indigestion,† and psychological trauma can include â€Å"anxiety, a sense of powerlessness, and a loss of self-respect and self-confidence.† Psychological effects can lead to suicide in some cases. Winkvist (2001) echoes these psychological effects and adds that battered women are also more likely to experience sexual and reproductive health disorders. Effects are not restricted to those that are physical and psychological in nature, however. Women can be financially impacted as well. Brown and Kenneym (1996) contend that women, in an effort to flee their attackers, may â€Å"give up financial security and their homes† in favor of safety. Mothers may experience additional negative effects from domestic violence. Starr (2001) contends that domestic violence against mothers â€Å"is associated with harmful implications for mental health and parenting, as well as for the offspring.† According to Starr, mothers who are in an environment of domestic violence suffer worse outcomes for themselves and for their children. Isaac (1997) suggests that abuse of mothers and children are linked, stating that from thirty to almost sixty percent of mothers reported for child abuse were themselves abused. Hewitt (2002) claims that ninety percent of occurrences of domestic violence are witnessed either directly or indirectly by children. Children can be affected in at least two ways by domestic violence. According to the British government, they can be traumatized by violence they witness against others in the relationship even when they are not the specific targets of the violence (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005). According to Hewitt (2002), children suffer low self-esteem, isolation, trauma, and homelessness that they may not manifest until later in life. They may also suffer from maladies such as worry, sadness, focus and concentration difficulties, forgetfulness, headaches and stomachaches, lying, and â€Å"poor impulse control,† according to Salisbury and Wichmann (2004). Importantly, there is also a strong correlation between domestic violence and child abuse, a point which reinforces Isaac’s position mentioned earlier (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005). Edleson (1999, cited in Spath, 2003) takes the same position in stating that â€Å"numerous research studies over the last several decades have reported a connection between domestic violence and child maltreatment within families.† And, finally, as mentioned earlier, the social learning theory would suggest that children who witness violence learn that violence is an acceptable way to settle disputes. Supporting this, Wha-soon (1994) writes that the â€Å"learning of violence causes a cycle of violence.† An Assessment of the Value and Efficacy of Domestic Violence Interventions Methods for dealing with domestic violence generally fall into three categories: prevention, protection, and justice (M2 Presswire, 1998). As the terms imply, prevention attempts to avert incidences of domestic violence through methods such as education and counseling; protection involves attempts to prevent further injury through methods such as removing victims from the situation and ordering offenders to stay away from their victims; and justice involves retribution against domestic violence offenders. The value and efficacy of prevention, protection, and justice methods used in dealing with domestic violence are difficult to measure. A reason for this was mentioned earlier: the lack of a consensus definition for domestic violence itself. (Contemporary Women’s Issues Database, May 1996). Nevertheless, there has been some attempt at measuring performance anecdotally. According to the Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (April 1993): â€Å"Currently, the two most common forms of social intervention are mechanisms that help her to leave (such as emergency shelters) and having him arrested†¦(but) neither of these interventions is ideal.† And, police and judicial interventions do not seem to fair much better as illustrated by the case of Samuel Gutierrez who killed his domestic partner, Kelly Gonzalez, in Chicago, Illinois in the United States after multiple beatings, arrests, and various court interventions (Hanna, 1998). That domestic violence still exists as such a serious social problem is probably the best evidence that current methods for preventing it, protecting its victims, and exacting justice on offenders are not working especially well. Perhaps the future will be brighter. Newer perspectives, such as that offered by the ecological framework theory, offer some hope. It seems that taking a comprehensive, integrated approach could potentially be substantially more effective as the various public and private components work together in a cooperative, synergistic arrangement with one goal—the welfare of the potential or actual victim. One expert even suggests that this combined public-private approach could be enhanced further by adding a third component—the family (nuclear family, extended family, intimate family, close relationships)—to the formal, integrated support arrangement (Kelly, 2004). Conclusion Public and private organizations continue to increase their attention to domestic violence. In the United Kindgom, The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 furnishes greater authority to police and the courts in dealing with cases of domestic violence and in providing protection to victims. Aditionally, the British government’s recently issued national domestic violence action plan sets forth ambitious goals (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic Violence, 2005) quoted as follows: reduce the prevalence of domestic violence; increase the rate that domestic violence is reported; increase the rate of domestic violence offences that are brought to justice; ensure victims of domestic violence are adequately protected and supported nationwide; and reduce the number of domestic violence related homicides. Returning to the introductory quotation, had Shakespeare’s Desdemona been alive today, perhaps she would have some hope that she would not forever be in such great fear of Othello’s rage. References Asian Pages (1998) What is domestic violence? November 14, 1998. Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: John Wiley Sons. Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Brown, Karen R. and Kenneym, Catherine T. (1996) Report from the front lines: The impact of violence on poor women [Part 1 of 5]. Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 1, 1996. Chalk, R., King, A. (1998). (Eds.). Violence in families: Assessing prevention and treatment programs. Washington, DC: National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Chez, N (1994) Helping the victim of domestic violence. American Nursing 1994;94(7):32-37. Cited in Cited in Gibson-Howell, Joan C. (1996) Domestic violence identification and referral. Journal of Dental Hygiene, March 1, 1996. Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (1996) Domestic and sexual violence data collection [Part 3 of 9], July 1, 1996. Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (1996) Measuring the costs of domestic violence against women and the cost-effectiveness of interventions [Part 1 of 6], May 1, 1996. Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (1993) Men beating women: Ending domestic violence—a qualitative and quantitative study of public attitudes on violence against women [Part 3 of 7], April 1, 1993. Contemporary Womens Issues Database (1996) You or someone you know may live in a home where domestic violence is a problem, January 1, 1996. CrimeReduction.gov.uk (2005), Domestic violence http://www.crimereduction.gov.uk/domesticviolence51.htm, April 4, 2005 [April 11, 2005]. CrimeReduction.gov.uk (2005), Domestic violence mini-site http://www.crimereduction.gov.uk/dv01.htm, April 4, 2005 [April 9, 2005]. Crowell, N. A., and Burgess, A. W. (1996). (Eds.). Understanding violence against women. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Cruz, J. Michael (2003) Why doesnt he just leave? Gay male domestic violence and the reasons victims stay. The Journal of Mens Studies, March 22, 2003. Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Dobash, R. E., and Dobash, R. (1979). Violence against wives: A case against the patriarchy. New York: Free Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Edleson, J. L. (1999). The overlap between child maltreatment and woman battering. Violence Against Women, 5(2), 134-154. Cited in Spath, Robin (2003) Child protection professionals identifying domestic violence indicators: implications for social work education. Journal of Social Work Education, September 22, 2003. Gelles, R. J., Cornell, C. P. (1985). Intimate violence in families. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Gelles, R. J., Cornell, C. P. (1990). Intimate violence in families (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Gibson-Howell, Joan C. (1996) Domestic violence identification and referral. Journal of Dental Hygiene, March 1, 1996. Hanna, Cheryl (1998) The paradox of hope: the crime and punishment of domestic violence. William and Mary Law Review, May 1, 1998. Hewitt, Kim (2002), Silent victims of violence in home. The News Letter (Belfast, Northern Ireland), September 14, 2002. Isaac, Nancy E. (1997) Response to battered mothers in the pediatric emergency department: a call for an interdisciplinary approach to family violence. Pediatrics, February 1, 1997. Josiah, Ivy (1998) Education through radio. Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 2, 1998. Kelly, Kristin A. (2004) Working together to stop domestic violence: state-community partnerships and the changing meaning of public and private. Journal of Sociology Social Welfare, March 1, 2004. Laurence, Louise and Spalter-Roth, Roberta (1996) Research-in-brief: Measuring the costs of domestic violence against women [Part 1 of 2] Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 1, 1996. Leo, John (1994) Is it a war against women? U.S. News World Report, July 11, 1994. Loring, M. T. and Smith, R. W. (1994) Health care barriers and interventions for battered women. Public Health Reports 1994;109(3):322-329. Cited in Gibson-Howell, Joan C. (1996) Domestic violence identification and referral. Journal of Dental Hygiene, March 1, 1996. M2 Presswire (1998) Home Office: Prevention, protection and justice: A comprehensive approach to tackle domestic violence, June 16, 1998. Manor, John H. (1996) Helping abusers out of the domestic violence equation. Michigan Chronicle, January 30, 1996. Meyersfeld, Bonita C. (2003) Reconceptualizing domestic violence in international law. Albany Law Review, December 22, 2003. Neufield, Brenda (1996) SAFE questions: overcoming barriers to the detection of domestic violence. American Family Physician, June 1, 1996. OLeary, K. D. (1987). Physical aggression between spouses: A social learning theory perspective. In V. B. Van Hasselt, R. L. Morrison, A. S. Bellack, M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of family violence (pp. 31-55). New York: Plenum Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Salisbury, Sarah and Wichmann, Lee Anne (2004), Seen or unseen, domestic violence traumatizes children. The Register-Guard, August 29, 2004. Schechter, S. (1982) Women and male violence: The visions and struggles of the battered womens movement. Boston: South End Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Seattle Post-Intelligencer (1999) Domestic violence: Give us statistics we can work with. July 16, 1999. Shakespeare, William (1604), Othello act 5. sc. 2. Edited by Sanders, Norman. Cambridge University Press, 1984. Cited in Meyersfeld, Bonita C. (2003) Reconceptualizing domestic violence in international law. Albany Law Review, December 22, 2003. Siegel, Reva B. (1996), The rule of love: Wife beating as prerogative and privacy, 105 YALE L.J. 2117. Tuerkheimer, Deborah (2004), Recognizing and remedying the harm of battering: A call to criminalize domestic violence. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, June 22, 2004. Simerman, John (2002) Men, too, fall victim to abuse in big numbers. Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service, November 25, 2002. Spath, Robin (2003) Child protection professionals identifying domestic violence indicators: implications for social work education. Journal of Social Work Education, September 22, 2003. Starr, Raymond H., Jr. (2001) Type and timing of mothers victimization: effects on mother and children. Pediatrics, April 1, 2001. Tuerkheimer, Deborah (2004), Recognizing and remedying the harm of battering: A call to criminalize domestic violence. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, June 22, 2004. Verkaik, Robert (2003) One man in six `a victim of domestic violence. The Independent, September 24, 2003. Wha-soon, Byun (1994) A study on the prevention of and countermeasures against domestic violence [Part 1 of 2]. Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 1, 1994. Winkvist, Anna (2001) Researching domestic violence against women: Methodological and ethical considerations. Studies in Family Planning, March 1, 2001. Yllo, K. A. (1993). Through a feminist lens: Gender, power, and violence. In R. J. Gelles D. R. Loseke (Eds.), Current controversies on family violence (pp. 47-62). Newbury Park, GA: Sage Publications. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003.

The Great Mystery of the Pyramids Essay -- History, Building and Const

The Great pyramids of Egypt are undoubtedly one of the most recognized and admired landmarks in the world. Built to pay tribute to gods and pharaohs, the pyramids were of great importance to the Egyptians, and the mystery of their construction continues to amaze us today. Many theories pertaining to how the pyramids were built have been suggested, however, none are as well supported or intelligible as the heave-ho method of quarrying and cutting limestone. Joseph Davidovits’ theory disproving this, in which states the pyramids were moulded, is not plausible. Substantial physical evidence which is consistent with the Egyptologists’ portrayal of the heave-ho method has been found. The entire process of building a pyramid with this method is possible, as demonstrated by thorough experiments and analysis of the Egyptian culture. Indisputably, the Great Pyramids of Giza were constructed by quarrying limestone, and the use of ramps, sleds, and cutting tools, owing to the inge nuity and strength of highly organized Egyptian workers. Joseph Davidovits, a French chemist, has proposed that the pyramids were formed using a special concrete mixture, and then poured into wooden moulds where it hardened (Alt. theory #3).While Davidovits claims to have explained aspects of pyramid construction which the heave-ho theory could not, the mould theory has many faults, rendering it weak and improbable. Firstly, the stones used in building the pyramids were of diverse shapes (Article 5). The shape of the stones would be uniform if they were created in moulds of exact dimensions. If each stone was created in a uniquely fashioned mould, it would account for the diversity in shape. However, building thousands, or even hundreds, of moulds would have been e... ...gods they worshiped. In spite of the efforts of other theorists trying to refute this process, there is a very low number of faults in the heave-ho method. Most of the improbabilities and doubts can be explained with proven experiments, as well as examining the Egyptian lifestyle. In conclusion, the heave-ho method is the strongest and most practical theory of pyramid construction, due to the weakness of other theories, significant physical evidence, and how possible it is to achieve. This method irrefutably shows how the hardworking and inventive Egyptians used abundant resources to create magnificent pyramids, by working in highly organized teams, and using tools and machines such as chisels, hammers, and ramps. The actual process of how the pyramids were built may never become known to us; however, the heave-ho method is the closest idea we have to the truth. The Great Mystery of the Pyramids Essay -- History, Building and Const The Great pyramids of Egypt are undoubtedly one of the most recognized and admired landmarks in the world. Built to pay tribute to gods and pharaohs, the pyramids were of great importance to the Egyptians, and the mystery of their construction continues to amaze us today. Many theories pertaining to how the pyramids were built have been suggested, however, none are as well supported or intelligible as the heave-ho method of quarrying and cutting limestone. Joseph Davidovits’ theory disproving this, in which states the pyramids were moulded, is not plausible. Substantial physical evidence which is consistent with the Egyptologists’ portrayal of the heave-ho method has been found. The entire process of building a pyramid with this method is possible, as demonstrated by thorough experiments and analysis of the Egyptian culture. Indisputably, the Great Pyramids of Giza were constructed by quarrying limestone, and the use of ramps, sleds, and cutting tools, owing to the inge nuity and strength of highly organized Egyptian workers. Joseph Davidovits, a French chemist, has proposed that the pyramids were formed using a special concrete mixture, and then poured into wooden moulds where it hardened (Alt. theory #3).While Davidovits claims to have explained aspects of pyramid construction which the heave-ho theory could not, the mould theory has many faults, rendering it weak and improbable. Firstly, the stones used in building the pyramids were of diverse shapes (Article 5). The shape of the stones would be uniform if they were created in moulds of exact dimensions. If each stone was created in a uniquely fashioned mould, it would account for the diversity in shape. However, building thousands, or even hundreds, of moulds would have been e... ...gods they worshiped. In spite of the efforts of other theorists trying to refute this process, there is a very low number of faults in the heave-ho method. Most of the improbabilities and doubts can be explained with proven experiments, as well as examining the Egyptian lifestyle. In conclusion, the heave-ho method is the strongest and most practical theory of pyramid construction, due to the weakness of other theories, significant physical evidence, and how possible it is to achieve. This method irrefutably shows how the hardworking and inventive Egyptians used abundant resources to create magnificent pyramids, by working in highly organized teams, and using tools and machines such as chisels, hammers, and ramps. The actual process of how the pyramids were built may never become known to us; however, the heave-ho method is the closest idea we have to the truth.

Gradesavers Montreal

Gradesavers Tutoring Inc. is a Montreal-based private company registered in 2004 that helps students in many High Schools and CEGEP academically. At the beginning, in 2003 it was a sole proprietorship, from a group of Finance student, led by Rohit Soni and several professors in Mc Gill University, creating a tutorial service that help other students. It incorporated in January 2005. Currently the company not only has expanded its university services in Canada and the United States, preparing graduates for the CFA, CSC, GMAT, GRE and SAT examinations, but ready to expand to French Language market in Montreal as well. Missions Gradesavers Tutoring Inc. covers academic areas of Business/Management, Mathematics, Statistics, Economics and Engineering. Their service will help students get rid of stress about exams, assignments, papers and quizzes. They have the patient and experienced tutors that can prepare average students for whatever counts towards the grades. They prepare their stay up-to-date data base to ensure that student can solve the problems as well as exams easily. Offers. Gradesavers` key sessions in Both English and French are â€Å"Private tutorials†, â€Å"Practice problem sessions†, â€Å"Weekly topic†, and the most famous â€Å"Crash courses and Mock exams†. â€Å"Private tutorials† are customized for students needing personalized attention and who need assistance with specific topics. Tutorials are normally held in a group of 2 or 3 students. â€Å"Practice problem sessions† are designed to help students to practice to do the problems that can be in the exams or if they are struggling with assignments. Weekly topics† are designed to follow the students’ course outlines and cover one topic per week. â€Å"Weekly topics† are normally held in groups of up to 15. Finally, The best well-known service of Gradesavers is â€Å"Crash Tutorials and Mock exams† which are designed for students to prepare prior the midterms and finals to make sure that students will not fail the exa m. Tutorials and Mock exams prepare for students what materials they should, and what should appear on your real exams. Online Registeration The membership is free, there three steps that helps students easier to get benefits from Gradsaver. Step 1: Become a Member which allows students receives up—to-date information for Company. Step 2: Attend our Tutorials which allows students choose Tutorial sessions that matches their requirements. Step 3: Make the Grade which helps students improve their results Organization structure Gradesavers Inc. is managed by two co-owners Rohit Soni and Chetan Soni who have knowledge in the tutoring business. Others tutors in the company are required to be Grade A Tutors.

Realism and Romanticism essays

Realism and Romanticism essays Despite the Realist movements attempt to portray art in a more realistic true form from the Romantic periods often exaggerated emotional depiction of art. The Realist movement may have depicted art from a more true to life point of view than Romantic artists, but in fact was heavily influenced by the artistic motives and styles of the Romantic period. The art period known as Romanticism began in the late 18th early 19th centuries people were tired with the norms of society. Artists of the era were preceded by the Renaissance thinkers and artists who had a very empirical and analytical approach (Galitz, 2004). Romanticism was a revolt against the straightforward heavily analyzed thinking of the Renaissance and the ideas that human actions are guides by inevitable laws of nature. Romantic artist encouraged imagination, exploration of individual thinking, and all forms of inspiration. Artists were not bound by any one particular style being encouraged to explore feeling and surrounding inspirations, often portraying a glorification of nature while incorporating a chivalric and nationalist feel (Galitz, 2004). Romantics create a clear good versus evil portrayal by painting with a clear vision of what is evil and what is good. During the French Revolution Romantics showed their strong resistance to the rational thinking of the enlightened period. Using nostalgia and exotic influences to glorify heroes, romantics were able use exaggerated depictions of nature to portray the hero as overcoming insurmountable odds against not only the enemy but also Mother Nature simultaneously. Romantics were able to expressed emotion with different forms of exaggeration but still kept a very realistic approach so viewers we able view themselves in the art and relate to it. Realism which began in the 1850s and continued into the 1900s attempted to use art to depict life as it really was (Fino...

How to Manage and Identify the Boxelder Tree

How to Manage and Identify the Boxelder Tree Boxelder, also known as ash-leaved maple is one of the most common and adaptable urban trees in North America though  it also may be the trashiest from a visual perspective. Planting it next to your house is probably not a good idea. The best thing about the tree is that it is comfortable on poor sites where more desirable trees cannot maintain adequate health for long life. It is very commonly seen in the treeless plains and western United States as a street tree. You can use the tree for quick growth but plan to interplant with more desirable trees to provide for a lasting tree canopy. Boxelder can be a treasure on adverse tree sites. Boxelder Specifics The scientific name of boxelder is Acer negundo (AY-ser nuh-GUHN-doe). Common names include ashleaf maple, Manitoba maple, and poison ivy tree and the tree is a member of the plant family Aceraceae. Although considered by many a maple outcast, it is indeed in the maple family and the only native maple with more than one single blade or leaflet on a single leaf stalk. Boxelder grows in USDA hardiness zones 3 through 8 and is native to North America. The tree is sometimes crafted into a bonsai specimen but often used as a screen/ windbreak and for land reclamation. It grows rapidly, can become very large and needs a lot of space. Boxelder is still a very common tree to see in a yard or park west of the Mississippi River.​ Boxelder Cultivars There are several attractive cultivars of boxelder including Aureo-Variegata, Flamingo and Auratum. The cultivar Acer negundo Aureo-Variegata is noted for its leaves bordered in gold. Acer negundo Flamingo has variegated leaves with pink margins and is somewhat available at local nurseries. Acer negundo Auratum has abundant gold leaves but is a little harder to find. You must remember that even though these cultivars are ornamental, they still share the original boxelder tree’s undesirable characteristics that include unattractive female fruit and breakage that increase the chances of the trees early removal due to quick growth. Problems With Boxelder Boxelder is a rather unattractive tree where limbs break with a vengeance   a landscape maintenance nightmare. The fruit droops in clusters which some describe as looking like dirty brown socks which adds to the overall trashy look of the tree. The boxelder bug makes things even worse. Robert Schafer / Getty Images Boxelder bug or Leptocoris trivittatus loves the boxelder tree. This half-inch red-striped insect is a true pest during winter where the adult multiplies and invades homes near where boxelder trees grow. It is one of the most common household pests in the United States. The bug emits a foul odor, stains fabric and can cause asthmatic reactions. It does no harm to the tree. Boxelder Description A boxelder in the landscape grows to a height of 25 to 50 feet, depending on tree variety and site conditions. One of the tallest ever measured had a recorded height of 110 feet. The trees crown spread is 25 to 45 feet and the crown is typically broad and ragged or disheveled. The tree often has multiple furrowed trunks or very squat single trunks. Flowers are without petals, dioecious and yellowish-green and the female tassels are very conspicuous. The very maple-looking seeds, called samaras hang in long, profuse clusters and stay on the tree throughout winter. Nearly every seed is viable and will cover up a disturbed area with seedlings   a very prolific seeder is boxelder. Boxelder Leaf Botanics Leaf arrangement: opposite/suboppositeLeaf type: odd pinnately compoundLeaflet margin: lobed; serrateLeaflet shape: lanceolate; ovateLeaflet venation: pinnate; reticulateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaflet blade length: 2 to 4 inchesLeaf color: greenFall color: orange; yellowFall characteristic: showy Pruning Boxelder You will have to prune this tree regularly.  Boxelder branches droop as the tree grows and will require pruning if you have consistent walking and vehicular traffic under the canopy. The tree form is not particularly showy and should be grown with one single trunk to maturity. The tree is susceptible to breakage and can occur either at the crotch due to poor collar formation, or where the wood itself is weak and tends to break. Superior Western Boxelders There are also good qualities of boxelders in western North America. It seems that the tree takes on positive characteristics in the west that is not seen in trees in the eastern half of North America. California interior boxelder takes on yellow and red colors in autumn that rival eastern maple. Its drought tolerance makes the tree a welcome plant in that dry country landscape and very easy on limited water resources.

Social Security Programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Security Programs - Research Paper Example This was meant actually to ensure the retirees had some money at their disposal so as to ensure cash flow which would in turn stimulate the economy. In addition he also wanted this program to be an income supplement. This was also supposed to ensure that most people especially the old and disabled were to be entitled to a social security insurance program especially those who were of the aged (Dilnot, 1989). Over the past year there has been much to say about the social security fund though most talks don’t seem to be very appealing. The truth of the matter is the Us government is really having it rough now as far as the social security fund is concerned since the dependants today compared to the time when this project was initiated has rose by millions. In the coming 2-3decades this fund will be practically impossible to run and offer the citizens of US that social security it was intended for (Sacks, 2000). One major blow to the social security fund is the fact that the group of beneficiaries have been increased over time from just the elderly and disable to the spouse or minor children of a retired workers and another benefit was also included for the family of a worker who has dead prematurely. Now if you put together these facts together with the fact that Americans are living longer then this is a big blow to the success of this fund in the coming years (Sacks, 2000). According to the additional views by the Senator Robert J. Dole, the long term deficit that will be in the non-medical social security program translated to 1.8% of the taxable payroll. when one On closely looking at the projections of the actuaries, in the next 75years the benefits of this program shall be very challenging to payroll tax income translating to about $25 billion per year in deficit. This deficit is seen practically a big problem to the success of the social security fund and if not addressed this program has a very terrible

Greatest Designs by Groupism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Greatest Designs by Groupism - Essay Example Students show it in different ways. These factors can be identified as important problems in group activity in a classroom. Therefore it is necessary to focus attention on design and development of a cohesive group in a classroom assignment by investing personal energy of each and every individual towards the success of the assignment/discussion. The development of a cohesive group will require four dimensions of the learning task. While it requires a high level of accountability and motivation among the group members, it ensures that members receive a meaningful feedback within a short time period; and also it facilitates high level of group performance in the assignment activity. Group assignment in the process of student performance enhancing programs should be designed effectively. Thus the making of a good group assignment in the classroom requires the consideration of two stages of the discussions - prior to the discussion and during the discussion within and between the groups. Prior to the discussion group members are expected to ensure the accountability individually. And during the discussion, members should share their specific choices and compare with the other groups. Also during the discussion between the groups students need to focus their attention on the key issues and report before starting the total classr oom discussion. Design process of assig

The book fight club Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The book fight club - Research Paper Example The story is told by the Narrator, a man who does not ever give out his name. Instead, he creates a separate identity calling himself Tyler Durden so that he can have a means of escape from the society and its conformities. The men believe that they have no aspects of masculinity seeing the way they are dependent on the commodities that the world has to offer to make their lives much easier, how they do not have to actually work for anything and yet everything gets done. To be thought of as important by the others, they just need to have the right product by the right company. They have nothing concrete to do, no battles to fight and win, the only purpose is to seek out the meaning of their life and why they feel a constant sense of doubtfulness about their masculinity. Right in the beginning, we are introduced to the â€Å"Remaining Men Together† that is a support group for men who have testicular cancer and so have been emasculated. This is a not so subtle way of representin g masculinity dying in the society. Having certain important parts of their bodies missing leads to them feeling less of themselves and having troubled – if any – love lives, which results in a further beating of their emotions. One of the men shares his story about how his ex-wife finally has a child with her new husband since she could obviously not conceive with her first husband. To most men, the ability to play their part in creating a child is what makes them worthy of their sex even if they do nothing to help bring them up in the future. However, if anyone is sterile, they are assumed as being weak and having no manhood. This is just one of the mindsets that the society has settled down in our minds. The men realize how easy their lives are and they hate it. They are determined to strip off every outside influence that has made a mark on their bodies and minds and become their own man. They no longer want to be led by the society and its rules or its â€Å"obse ssive concern with profits, consumption, and the commercial values that underlie its market-driven ethos† (Giroux). They show their inner masculine qualities by deciding to open the Fight Club. Ironically, fulfilling the stereotypes about the males regarding how man’s answer to everything was violence, they decide to fight it out. The rationalization given being that the pain and the adrenaline they felt helped them keep themselves on their toes. The wrestling meant that they were fighting for something solid; they had to work over something. They had to hurt the other person if they wanted to gain the least amount of injuries, they had a goal in mind now and that made them feel important. As the Narrator says â€Å"You weren't alive anywhere like you were alive here †¦ who you were in fight club is not who you were in the rest of the world† (Palahniuk). Winning a fight showed that they were men with great physical talents, that they were stronger than most. There were no battlefields to fight in, no wars to win. Soldiers were not required but the men were all trained enough to be able to respond in a similar situation if the need ever arose. It is through the pain that they put themselves through that they discover their selves. They are â€Å"set free to construe (their) own fears, to baptize them with privately chosen names and to cope with them on (their)

Views on Feminism and Modern Culture Essay Example for Free

Views on Feminism and Modern Culture Essay According to Webster Dictionary’s, feminism is â€Å"the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2012). So if one adheres to this definition then feminism is about equality for ALL sexes not just females. But I think feminism started out as a way for females to revolt against the perceived inequality to the fairer sex and over time evolved into a need for equality of all sexes, race, and ethnicity. As Feminization . Although anabolic steroids are derived from a male sex hormone, men who take them may actually experience a â€Å"feminization† effect along with a decrease in normal male sexual function. . our Declaration of Independence states, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness† (Declaration of Independence, 1776). So even at the creation of our nation, the great leaders of the time declared equality for all. So if this is true when did this feminist movement begin and why? My paper feminism The word feminism has many connotations. Some include lesbian, feminazi, man-hater, and baby killer. It is interesting to note that all these words convey a negative feeling. will focus on the three waves of feminist movement and how each, in their own part, contributes to the overall progression of the movement. The feminist movement originally started in Europe (France and the Netherlands) in the late 19th century as a campaign for woman’s right to vote (About Famous Feminists in History). The modern western feminist movements were divided into three â€Å"waves† with each wave dealing with a different aspect of the same feminist issues. Before the Feminism The word feminism has many connotations. Some include lesbian, feminazi, man-hater, and baby killer. It is interesting to note that all these words convey a negative feeling. It is rare â€Å"first wave,† during the late 1700’s a group of women publically called for equal rights of women, in particular education opportunities. Women, such as Judith Sargent Murray and Mary Wollstonecraft, of middle and upper class were leading the way as men  of social station were asserting that â€Å"all human beings had equal rights by nature†¦and that everyone should have an equal chance of free development as an individual† (Klein, 1984, p. 530). But all this talk appeared to FEMINISM What is feminism? By general definition, feminism is a philosophy in which women and their contributions are valued. It is based on social, political and economical equality for women. not apply to women nor mattered to anyone other than White men. Even though women of middle-class acquired more educational opportunities in the 1980s, they found that professional opportunities were closed to them leaving them to either sit at home or join voluntary organizations (Renzetti Curran, 2002, p. 13). The â€Å"first wave† of feminism covered a period from 1830 to 1920. At the first international anti-slavery conference in London, women delegates were prohibited from publically speaking and Feminism What is feminism? By general definition, feminism is a philosophy in which women and their contributions are valued. It is based on social, political and economical equality for women. Feminists were segregated from the men in the conference hall. This outraged many women, including Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who resolved to hold their own conference in the United States to focus on women’s rights as well as abolitionism (Renzetti Curran, 2002, p. 15). The Women’s Rights Movement began on July 13, 1848, when a young housewife/ mother, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, invited four friends to tea. Stanton expressed her discontent on her own limitations and Feminism Of what historic and contemporary concern is it that the architecture profession has been, and continues to be, strongly male dominated in Australia (currently 90% of registered architects in NSW her friends agreed with her passionately. Within a few days on July 19 and 20, 1848, they found a suitable location in Seneca Falls, New York, to hold â€Å"a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious conditions and of rights of woman† (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). Led by Mott and Stanton, about 300 women and some sympathetic men adopted a â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† modeled deliberately after the Declaration of Independence, as  these were patriotic women wanting to Feminism Feminism was a very political movement during its first and second waves. Thenew Third Wave of feminism is quite different from the previous two. These threefeminist share the ideal of improving the new republic. This sentiment enumerated areas of life where women were treated unjustly, listing eighteen grievances, just as their forefathers had in the Declaration of Independence from England (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). Over the two-days of convention discussion, the Declaration of Sentiments and 12 resolutions received unanimous endorsement with a few amendments. The only resolution that did not pass unanimously was the call for women\s right to vote. This was Feminism Feminism Paper The goal of this paper is to describe and analyze gender inequality, focusing on the history of feminist ideas. I will start with a basic overview of the inconceivable to many and brought about heated debates over the woman\s voting rights. Nonetheless, the resolution was accepted by the majority and the Seneca Falls Convention became known as the official launch of the campaign for women’s suffrage (Renzetti Curran, 2002, pp. 15-16). Conventions were held annually until the start of the Civil War often drawing over capacity crowds that people had to be turned away due to lack of sufficient meeting space (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). Feminism In In A Doll s House, Ibsen presents a view of the world that is unconventional to say the least. He breaks from tradition to compose a play that deals Once the Civil War broke out, many activists began to neglect the movement to devote their time and energy to the war effort. But activists like Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, and Sojourner Truth traveled the country lecturing and organizing for the next forty years. The central issue emerging was the right for women to vote (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). It was felt by many that the women’s hard work during the war effort that the Feminism IS THERE ANY CONSISTENCY AMONG THE VARIOUS FEMINISMS OR IS FEMINISM  INCOHERANT? Without fear of contradiction one can successfully collate the feminist philosophy, both as a progressively forward-looking movement, and Republican administration would reward them for their wartime support by granting women the right to vote. But not only did this not happen, Congress added a sex distinction to the Constitution by using the word â€Å"male† in the second section of the Fourteenth Amendment (Renzetti Curran, 2002, p. 16). Angered and disappointed, the feminists took up the fight by going state-to-state calling on two referendums, one to enfranchise Blacks and one to enfranchise women. In Kansas, their Feminism Physiological differences provide the material base of status between the two sexes, but it is the determined processes of social practices that transform these sexes into genders. Male and female first state, the Republicans supported the vote for Blacks but not women ;whereas the Democrats let racism get the better of them and supported woman’s suffrage. Both measures lost at the polls. Feminists were appalled by the blatant hypocrisy and racism (Renzetti Curran, 2002, p. 16) and in May 1869, Anthony and Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) whose sole objective was the right to vote for women and Blacks. Followed in November 1869, Feminism Feminism Feminism can be roughly defined as a movement that seeks to enhance the quality of women’s lives by impacting the norms and moves of a society based on Stone, Henry Blackwell, and others formed the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) (Imbornoni, 2000-2012). In 1890 these two organizations merged to become the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), pooling their resources to win women the right to vote (Black men were enfranchised in 1870) (Renzetti Curran, 2002, p. 16). After 72 years of campaigning that included thousands of political strategists, capable organizers, administrators, activists and lobbyists (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998), women finally won the right to Feminism Feminism Feminism can be roughly defined as a movement that seeks to enhance the quality of women’s lives by impacting the norms and moves of a society based on male vote with the passing of the 19th Amendment to the  Constitution, signed into law by the Secretary of State, Bainbridge Colby, on August 26, 1920 (Imbornoni, 2000-2012). Several activists whose names and accomplishments standout during this â€Å"first wave† and should be remembered in history are: †¢ Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Lucy Stone. They were pioneer theoreticians of the 19th-century women\s rights movement. †¢ Esther Morris, the first woman to hold a judicial position, who feminism Mary Wollstonecraft is held as being the first modern feminist. She was born in 1759 to a gentry farmer and an unloving mother and is said to have began her led the first successful state campaign for woman suffrage, in Wyoming in 1869. †¢ Abigail Scott Duniway, the leader of the successful fight in Oregon and Washington in the early 1900s. †¢ Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Mary Church Terrell, organizers of thousands of African-American women who worked for suffrage for all women. †¢ Harriot Stanton Blatch, daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Alice Stone Blackwell, Lucy Stone\s daughter, who carried on their mothers\ legacy through the next Feminism Of what historic and contemporary concern is it that the architecture profession has been, and continues to be, strongly male dominated in Australia (currently 90% of registered architects in NSW generation. †¢ Anna Howard Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt, leaders of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in the early years of the 20th century, who brought the campaign to its final success. †¢ Alice Paul, founder and leader of the National Woman\s Party, considered the radical wing of the movement. †¢ Ruth Bader Ginsburg, now a Supreme Court Justice, learned the story of the Women\s Rights Movement. Today she says, \I think about how much we Feminism Mary Wollstonecraft is held as being the first modern feminist. She was born in 1759 to a gentry farmer and an unloving mother and is said to have began her owe to the women who went before us legions of women, some known but many more unknown. I applaud the bravery and resilience of those who helped all of us you and me to be here today\ (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). The â€Å"second wave† of feminism did not revitalize until the 1960s, a  period of mass mobilization for movement both in the United States and abroad. This was activism that appeared in the public consciousness, Feminism In the past and present women have had to endure sexism as a part of everyday life. This is unfair and unjust to the female species. In this paper fueled by several seemingly independent events of that turbulent decade. In 1961, Esther Peterson, director of the Women’s Bureau of the Department of Labor, considered it the government’s responsibility to take an active role in addressing discrimination against women. President Kennedy convened a Commission on the Status of Women, with Eleanor Roosevelt as chair. This commission issued a report in 1963 that documented discrimination against women in every aspect of American life. Local and state governments Feminism Both Virginia Woolf, in a speech addressing a graduating all women class, and Naomi Wolf, in her text The Beauty Myth, contemplate feminism from an economic viewpoint. While quickly established their own commissions for women to research and recommend change (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). Another factor was the publication of Betty Friedan’s book, The Feminine Mystique, in 1963 which evolved from a survey she conducted for her 20-year college reunion. In this book, she voiced the unhappiness and boredom of White, educated, middle-class suburban housewives. Friedan referred to homes as â€Å"comfortable concentration camps† who found their personal growth stunted. This book inspired thousands of Feminism Feminism And Gender Equality In The 1990s Overall, the rights and status of women have improved considerably in the last century ;however, gender equality has recently been threatened within the women to look beyond the role of homemaker for fulfillment (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). The federal government took action to draw attention to the problem of sex discrimination and President Kennedy appointed a Presidential Commission on the Status of Women.