Charles Sandburg poetry Flashcard

Charles Sandburg poetry

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Principles

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Principles Red Cross: Its Mission and Purpose The American Red Cross is a humanitarian, not-for-profit organization that has been organize by volunteers and guided by its Congressional Charter, as well as the fundamental principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (The American Red Cross, 2011). The venture provides help to people who became the victims of natural disasters and catastrophe so as to prevent and react to the emergencies.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross, humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary services, and universality are five main pillars shaping the organization’s main mission and purposes (The American Red Cross, 2011). Hence, the Red Cross has been created to provide assistance to people irrespect ive of race, nationality and social status to prevent and diminish the consequences of disaster. Its core purpose is to support victims of disasters and protect their health (The American Red Cross, 2011). Finally, organization promotes a message about cooperation, understanding, friendship and lasing peace all over the world. The movement remains independent because it is not subject to government and the laws of different countries. Red Cross Crisis in Haiti: Exploring the Facts and Consequences Two years ago, the population of Haiti suffered from a 7.0 earthquake leading to significant destructions and leaving millions of people without home. Minnesota, along with other U.S. states, responded actively to the disaster and donated a significant sum of money for improving the situation in Haiti. Now, the Red Cross has introduced a two-year report on the efforts and actions taken in Haiti to relieve the population (MyFox, 2012). The report presents significant progress in front of se rious challenge, but some of the presented facts can lead to negative publicity concerning the action plan (MyFox, 2012). The point is that the American Red Cross got nearly $ 486 million in donations whereas $ 330 million were spent only on Haiti recovery efforts (MyFox, 2012). One the one hand, many questions arise concerning the remaining sum of money. One the other hand, the Red Cross’s campaign has not been completed yet and, therefore, there are no reasons for rushing in conclusions. Identifying Specific Goals and Their Rationale As the world-known non-profit organization, the Red Cross should introduce a new form of reporting through publicly presenting information about financial matters. In such a way, it is possible to enhance information transparency and accuracy to ensure the population of their donations invested to prevent disasters.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15 % OFF Learn More Specifically, the report does not only improve communication and relation with outside stakeholders, but also attract more investors. Sustainability reporting can also enhance the Red Cross reputation and contribute to effective alleviation of critical situations. Introducing sustainability reporting system can help the organizations several goals. To begin with, the Red Cross can uncover a number of opportunities for development, as well as provide a full picture of existing problems in the country and outside it. Second, organizational performance and sustainability can improve organization’s relation with the most influential investors and monitor all environmental, social, and economical aspects of development influencing the activities and efforts initiated by the Red Cross. Finally, external disclosure of information can increase chances of the organization to create a powerful network for eliminating the consequences of natural disaster s. In addition, the new reporting system can sustain organization’s reputation at an appropriate level and increase its influence all over the world. Defining Steps for Achieving the Established Goals In order to achieve the identified goals, a specific framework should be established. A changing pattern can be introduced through a number of steps. First of all, it is purposeful to identify the main target of the organization, which will be environment, people, community, and human resource management (Global Reporting Initiative, 2011). Second, it is necessary to organize a survey to define how people evaluate the action and effects presented by the organization (Global Reporting Initiative, 2011). Third, organization should focus on the most problematic areas to define the main strengths and weaknesses of those. Finally, the Red Cross should establish effective schemes of responding to disasters, as well as plan the reports on efforts and reliefs within shorter periods of t ime. Introducing a management approach can significantly increase productivity and performance, as well as attract more volunteers to take part in different missions. Reporting about the impact of Red Cross activities on the community should also be launches for the American to have a better idea of the importance of developing the organization. More importantly, the above-presented principles and steps are congruent with the mission and purpose of the organization. The only difference is that it provides a transparent picture of all operations. With regard to the Red Cross crisis in Haiti, the following framework can be presented:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduce a detailed report on the financial resources used during the disaster; Provide an account on the remaining sum of money that can be distrib uted for reconstruction of buildings and technological devices for improving safety and quality of life in Haiti. Establish new principle of mutual interaction between people investing money and people receiving help. Specifically, it is important for investors to know how their money is used for eliminating the disaster. Evaluation Plan: Assessing the Outcomes Many companies, including non-profit organization, strive to work out effective strategy for managing people and monitoring daily operations and activities. Because the American Red Cross is a powerful organization possessing a great number volunteers working for them, it is rational to pay attention to such issues as diversity, information exchange, and public influence on the organizational performance. The introduction of the action plan should provide the corresponding correction to the established mission and purpose of an organization. More importantly, the given plan can provide a solid platform for further developmen t in terms of information spread among mass media. The latter should be carefully considered because failure to establish favorable relation with mass media can lead to shaping negative reputation, which can also influence organization’s activities. In this respect, consistence and transparency can help the Haiti population to recover after the earthquake in the shortest possible time. By changing the policy to the employees/volunteers, the organization acquires greater chances to receive recognition and reputation among the external environment. Hence, volunteers will be more concerned with the outside environment; more importantly, they become more consistent while implanting the Global Reporting Initiative principles of managing reports. Indeed, sustainability reporting fully meets the needs of the organization because it is also directed at improving social, economic and environment climate. So, the accomplishment of the defined goal will lead an organization to an upper level of development and provide more incentives to work better. References Global Reporting Initiative (2011). G3.1 Guidelines. Web. MyFox. (2012). What Happened to You Haiti Earthquake Donation? Web. The American Red Cross. (2011). Mission Statement. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Lockheed Martin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Lockheed Martin - Essay Example The willingness and determination of executive management has played a significant role in establishing future growth in the present and even in the years to come. In essence, Lockheed Martin Corporation has a strong management team, which for the past years has helped the company stay ahead of its competitors. The persistence and determination towards the fulfilment of its mission and visions rests in the management team. The company has a strong culture that boosts talent development on its skilled employees. This builds a strong team that understands the goals and objectives of the company and how they can attain them. The primary purpose of the company is to offer professional improvement in an appropriate way that meets the needs and expectations of clients and shareholders. Thus far, the aim of this paper is to discuss the management area of Lockheed Martin Company and in doing will discuss its mission statement, short term, long term goals. Mission Statements To Hartung (2011) , the company’s mission statement is straightforward, to be dynamic, ethical, and technology oriented in the global market. This corporation believes that innovation is the key to success. With this, the company helps the clients achieve the best products and services that suits the needs of the 21st technology world. The company provides the highest standards of ethical conducts in all they do, which as a result, helps in converting the first clients to frequent and potential clients. The company believes that integrity and honesty is the cornerstone of the business’s success. It recognizes that success can only be achieved if the business strives to abide by the laws implemented in the United States and other countries. The company recognizes that its success and growth as an enterprise depends on the skills, expertise, and talent of people and the ability to work as an integrated team. The company appreciates diversity and foster a positive relationship among the co lleagues, partners, clients, and the management team. Overall, the company understand the importance and its mission and creates a strong ground where employees understand it and work towards attaining the set goals and objectives. Lockheed strives to flourish in every aspect of its business with determination and perseverance to succeed regardless of any obstacle that comes the way. The company believes that it has what it takes to be competitive in the 21st century where technology has peaked well. As technology advance from one level to the other, the company intends to embrace every opportunity that would make the company succeed in the 21st world. The management team understand that innovation is the key aspect to growth. The management team understand the importance of its mission and strive to embrace ever challenge with right attitude and determination to succeed (Hartung, 2011), Short Terms Goals Some of the short-term goals include increasing in sales and revenues. On a mo nth basis, the company calculates the total sales and revenues and thereafter makes the judgement on whether the company has achieved its target sales and revenues. On a monthly basis, the corporation conducts an assessment, which helps the management team to access areas that need improvement. With this, one would argue that one of the Lockheed’s short term goals is to satisfy clients with best products and services, which satisfy their needs and wants. Still,

Compare Chinese and American national cybersecurity policies (or more Term Paper

Compare Chinese and American national cybersecurity policies (or more countries)) - Term Paper Example The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the national cyber security policies that have been applied in China and America and to provide viable solutions to the weaknesses in these policies. By drawing from a wide range of theoretical and statistical resources, it will be possible to compare the performance of the cyber security policies in these countries. A critical analysis of the materials will provide an adequate ground to provide workable solutions to that will help the government to improve cyber security policies in their countries. Chinese versus American National Cyber Security Introduction Cyber security is a term that emerged immediately after the development of a data-centric world that is driven by the internet and online presence. As the global trends demand more engagement of the internet and all business operations become driven by this technology, the need for data security has risen due to the existence of hacking and identity theft as the man a t the middle gains access to sensitive information during its transmission. Even today, many organizations and citizens continue to be victims of victims of cybercrime sending an alarm to the government to implement online security to assure safety of sensitive business transactions. China and America are among the countries that have focused on the cyber security to guarantee safety of information in online business. The purpose of this paper is to make a comparison between the America cyber security policies with those that have been deployed in China. To draw this comparison, the policies applied in each country will be analyzed and their impact on data security will be evaluated. A secondary research will be conducted from a wide range of materials including government reports and validated research works to gather authentic information. The information so obtained will be related to the subject topic to form a basis of the conclusions. From the research, it will be possible to provide recommendations for alternative mechanisms that can be used to beef up cyber security and guarantee safety of information sent over the networks. This will provide a substantial platform for the improvement of data security policies not only in China and America, but also across other nations that have been hit with the blow of cybercrime in the business environment. Background of Cybercrime and Cyber-Security Cybercrime refers to the use of software, fish-mails or peculiar malware to obtain user information illegally during a data transmission process. With the current increase in online monetary transactions, the cyber criminals have vested more efforts to obtain information from citizens and business organization. For instance, when an online banker feeds their credentials into the online accounts, it is possible for hackers to obtain this information and use it to make illegal transactions. According to United States Department of Crime and Justice, (2013) about 5 millio n Americans are hacked every year and their identity information is used and at least $50 million dollars is lost to cyber-criminals. In China, Anderson reports that in China, over 700,000 web users fall victim of cybercrime every without their knowledge and over $874 million is lost to fraudsters. Despite the imperative efforts that have been engaged to tackle the problem, cybercrime continues to be a big problem in many countries. The 2013 cybercrime report presented by Sophos new

State Laws on Corporal Punishment Research Paper

State Laws on Corporal Punishment - Research Paper Example Although United States of America has made noticeable progress in addressing challenges that are associated with corporal punishment in public schools, human rights activists have observed that, a lot of work need to be done in order to effectively protect children against violation of their basic right. Moreover, present corporal policies prohibit use of corporal punishment by teachers and other school administrators. According to the existing policies, any form of corporal punishment against students is illegal and anyone or professional who engages in such kind of punishment should face severe legal punishment. In addition to the existing policy that bans corporal punishment in schools, the country’s constitution has a provision that defines the role of federal government in regard to protecting children basic rights. By referring to the existing law, all children in the country ought to be brought up in a proper environment that enhances human dignity and freedom. Accordin g to United States of America constitution, everyone who is less than 18 years is children who require maximum protection from the government. As described by the existing policies, all America children must be protected from illegal or harmful practices as well as intentional physical injuries. As states in the existing law, nobody in the society including teachers or parent is entitled to corporally punish children (Rankin & Wells, 2011). However, although there are effective laws that protect children basic rights, the implementation of these policies has become a common hindrance towards the realization of the full benefit of these policies. Lack of effective implementation of corporal policies significantly reduced... This report stresses that based on the available information, it is factual to state that, there is very close relationship between administrative acceptance and current nature of corporal punishment in American public schools. Teachers and school administrators assumes that, corporal punishment is the only effective ways of punishing children in public learning institutions. Moreover, schools administrators do no deal effectively with parents complains. There is also ineffective communication between parents and teachers in regard to children punishment. Lack of effective and immediate sanction on teachers and other school administrators who violate the existing policy on corporal punishment can as well be associated with corporal punishment. This paper makes a conclusion that the existing literature review has found a very close relationship between social acceptance and corporal punishment both in school and at home. Incidences such as approval of corporal punishment in America schools by parents, poor follow up and lack of effective mechanism of reporting cases of corporal punishment have also significantly contributed to the increasing cases of corporal punishment in public schools in America. Moreover, although corporal punishment is seen as useful means of punishing children, a good number of parents and policy makers do not recognize corporal punishment as the most effective mean of punishing children.

Domestic violence: A brief critical analysis of impact and interventions

Domestic violence: A brief critical analysis of impact and interventions DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: A BRIEF CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPACT AND INTERVENTIONS BUILT ON A DEFINITIONAL, HISTORICAL, AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATION â€Å"And yet I fear you, for youre fatal then When your eyes roll so. Why I should fear I know not, Since guiltiness I know not, but yet I feel I fear.† Introduction The introductory quotation by Desdemona expresses her fear of Othello’s rage (Shakespeare, 1604, cited in Meyersfeld, 2003) at the same time eloquently conveying the terror implicit in domestic violence and demonstrating that domestic violence is not a new phenomenon. Neither is domestic violence a rare occurrence. According to the British government, domestic violence affects millions of lives. The following statistics are quoted from the official government website (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005): one in four women and one in six men will be victims of domestic violence in their lifetime with women at greater risk of repeat victimisation and serious injury; 89 percent of those suffering four or more incidents are women; one incident of domestic violence is reported to the police every minute; on average, two women a week are killed by a current or former male partner; and domestic violence accounts for 16 percent of all violent crime. This essay will demonstrate that the issue of domestic violence is a complex one, much more complex than the term itself might convey. Indeed, domestic violence is complex in terms of its very definition, complex in terms of its theoretical explanations, complex in terms of gender relevance, complex in terms of its effects, and complex in terms of interventions to prevent and deal with its occurrence. The essay begins with a presentation and critique of various definitions for domestic violence, an exploration of the historical evolution of domestic violence as a societal concern, and a discussion and critique of theoretical explanations for domestic violence including consideration of the relevance of gender. This foundation will be used as a basis for exploring the impact of domestic violence upon its direct and indirect victims and the value and efficacy of the current resources, initiatives, and support networks used in combating domestic violence and assisting its victims. Final ly, concluding remarks will be presented. A Critique on Definitions of Domestic Violence Finding a generally-accepted definition for domestic violence proved to be an elusive endeavor. This may be because there is no consensus definition of the term (Laurence and Spalter-Roth, 1996; Contemporary Womens Issues Database, May 1996; Contemporary Womens Issues Database, July 1996). Each writer seems to define the term to fit his or her topic or agenda. For instance, Chez (1994, cited in Gibson-Howell, 1996), in focusing on female victims of domestic violence, defines the term as â€Å"the repeated subjection of a woman to forceful physical, social, and psychological behavior to coerce her without regard to her rights.† Some definitions are basic and general: â€Å"a pattern of regularly occurring abuse and violence, or the threat of violence, in an intimate (though not necessarily cohabitating) relationship† (Gibson-Howell, 1996, citing Loring and Smith, 1994). Other definitions are comprehensive and specific (Manor, 1996; Neufield, 1996; Asian Pages, 1998; Josi ah, 1998; Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 1999; Danis, 2003; Verkaik, 2003). The more comprehensive definitions, although phrased differently, typically possess the following common elements: a pattern of abusive behavior (as contrasted to a single event); the abusive behavior involves control, coercion, and/or power; the abusive behavior may be physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and/or financial; and the victim of the abusive behavior is a cohabitating or non-cohabitating intimate partner or spouse. The British government has adopted one of the more expansive descriptions of domestic violence, one that includes all of the foregoing elements: â€Å"Any incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality. Beyond the basic definition, the government furnishes further description of domestic violence as â€Å"a pattern of abusive and controlling behaviour† by which the abuser attempts to gain power over the victim. The government contends that domestic violence crosses age, gender, racial, sexuality, wealth, and geographical lines. (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005) Interestingly, the definition offered by the government expands the description to include other â€Å"family members† in addition to â€Å"intimate partners.† Historical Evolution of the Recognition of Domestic Violence as a Societal Concern The issue of domestic violence, particularly violence against female spouses, was a topic of societal concern dating from the first marriage law instituted by Romulus in 75 B.C. But the concern was not in preventing domestic violence; to the contrary; the concern was in support of â€Å"wife beating†Ã¢â‚¬â€legally and institutionally—a condition that existed through the early twentieth century. (Danis, 2003, citing Dobash and Dobash, 1979). English common law, until the late nineteenth century, â€Å"structured marriage to give a husband superiority over his wife in most aspects of the relationship.† This â€Å"sanctioned superiority† gave the husband the right to â€Å"command his wife’s obedience, and subject her to corporal punishment or ‘chastisement’ if she defied his authority.† (Tuerkheimer, 2004, citing Siegel, 1996) The beginning of the twentieth century witnessed the dismantling of laws specifically condoning control a nd violence; however, the laws were not replaced by codes that protected victims from abuse. Instead, â€Å"marital privacy† became the standard. Essentially, abuse was considered to be a family problem, not one in which society had an interest. (Turekheimer, 2004) Not until the feminist movement of the late 1960s and 1970s was public interest in domestic violence piqued (Danis, 2003, citing Schechter, 1982). With little public or private funding, feminist activists set up shelters for female victims of domestic violence. They also pressed for laws to punish offenders and promoted training of social workers and other professions to recognize domestic violence and treat its victims. (Contemporary Women’s Issues Database, May 1996). From these humble beginnings, over the last thirty-plus years, public awareness has been enhanced dramatically, increasing amounts of public and private funding have been allocated for shelters, domestic violence laws have been strengthened, and social workers and other professionals (e.g. school personnel, healthcare professionals, police officers) have been trained to recognize signs of, and provide treatment to those affected by, domestic violence. Today, in the early years of the new millennium, the way in which society views domestic violence is continuing to evolve. Physical abuse of wives was the initial focus of intervention initiatives. Drawing on research presented earlier, sexual, emotional, psychological, and financial abuse have been added to physical abuse as types of domestic violence. And, many definitions of victims of domestic violence now include, in addition to wives, husbands and domestic partners of the same or different sex. Increasingly, too, children in the domestic arrangement are being included as victims of domestic violence. Theoretical Explanations for Domestic Violence and the Relevance of Gender Just as there is a lack of consensus on a single definition for domestic violence, â€Å"there is no single recognized causal theory for domestic violence.† In the absence of a single theory, at least four theories are used to explain why domestic violence occurs: social exchange/deterrence, social learning, feminist, and the ecological framework. (Danis, 2003) These theories, with their relevance to domestic violence, will be presented and critiqued in this section. A discussion of the relevance of gender in domestic violence will close out the section. Under the social exchange theory, human interaction is driven by pursuing rewards and avoiding punishments and costs. (Danis, 2003, citing Blau, 1964). Gelles and Cornell (1985, 1990, cited in Danis, 2003) contend that domestic violence occurs when costs do not outweigh rewards. Costs in this context include the potential for defensive physical action by the victim, potential of being arrested and imprisoned, loss of personal status, and dissolution of the domestic arrangement. The social learning theory suggests that people learn to be violent by being immediately rewarded or punished after they commit violent behavior, through what is called reinforcement, and by watching the experiences of others, called modeling (Danis, 2003, citing Bandura, 1973). According to some experts, there is a correlation between people who witness abusive behavior in their earlier lives and those who commit domestic violence later. (Danis, 2003, citing O’Leary, 1987). According to feminist theory, domestic violence emanates from a â€Å"patriarchal† school system which assigns men the responsibility for controlling and managing female partners (Danis, 2003, citing Dobash and Dobash, 1979; Yllo, 1993). Under this theory, domestic violence is attributed to a flaw in societal structure rather than to any specific individual male pathology. Finally, the ecological framework theory, in contending that no single theory can be used in explaining or predicting domestic violence, proposes risk factors for domestic violence and interventions to address it at three levels—the micro level (e.g. batterer programs), the meso level (e.g. police and the courts), and the macro level (e.g. a coordinated community approach). (Danis, 2003, citing Crowell and Burgess, 1996; Chalk and King, 1998). Each of these four theories offers valuable insight into domestic violence. For instance, the social exchange theory offers a basis for law enforcement and prosecution of offenders; the social learning theory helps to explain why children who witness abuse sometimes grow up to be abusers themselves thereby providing rationale for corrective interventions to â€Å"unlearn† abusive behavior; and the feminist theory supports interventions targeted at helping batterers to reform and helping to empower victims. But none of these theories seems to provide a comprehensive foundation on which a comprehensive approach for dealing with the many causal and outcome dimensions of domestic violence can be built. The more integrated ecological framework theory, however, seems to furnish the needed basis for such a comprehensive approach. Now attention will turn to the topic of the relevance of gender in domestic violence. Historically, as mentioned earlier, wives were considered to be the only victims of domestic violence. Today, husbands as well as same- or different-sex non-married partners are considered to be victims as well (Cruz, 2003). Although the statistics vary significantly (Leo, 1994), some indicating that the same number of men as women are victims of domestic violence (Leo, 1994; Simerman, 2002), most experts agree than women are most often the victims and, when they are victimized, the damage is usually more serious. The indication that women are most often victims has now gained official recognition. The British government contends that, although domestic violence is not restricted to a specific gender, â€Å"it consists mainly of violence by men against women.† (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005) The Potential Impact of Domestic Violence on Females, Mothers, and Children According to the Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (January 1996), â€Å"the most common victims (of domestic violence) are women and children.† With the acknowledgement that domestic violence affects men as well as women, the focus of the discussion in this section will be on the potential impact of domestic violence on females, generally, and on females in their role as mothers as well as on their children. Domestic violence against women can result in serious physical injuries, psychological trauma, and mental strain (Wha-soon, 1994). According to Wha-soon, physical injuries include â€Å"severe headaches, bruises, bone fractures, loss of eyesight, nervous paralysis, insomnia and indigestion,† and psychological trauma can include â€Å"anxiety, a sense of powerlessness, and a loss of self-respect and self-confidence.† Psychological effects can lead to suicide in some cases. Winkvist (2001) echoes these psychological effects and adds that battered women are also more likely to experience sexual and reproductive health disorders. Effects are not restricted to those that are physical and psychological in nature, however. Women can be financially impacted as well. Brown and Kenneym (1996) contend that women, in an effort to flee their attackers, may â€Å"give up financial security and their homes† in favor of safety. Mothers may experience additional negative effects from domestic violence. Starr (2001) contends that domestic violence against mothers â€Å"is associated with harmful implications for mental health and parenting, as well as for the offspring.† According to Starr, mothers who are in an environment of domestic violence suffer worse outcomes for themselves and for their children. Isaac (1997) suggests that abuse of mothers and children are linked, stating that from thirty to almost sixty percent of mothers reported for child abuse were themselves abused. Hewitt (2002) claims that ninety percent of occurrences of domestic violence are witnessed either directly or indirectly by children. Children can be affected in at least two ways by domestic violence. According to the British government, they can be traumatized by violence they witness against others in the relationship even when they are not the specific targets of the violence (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005). According to Hewitt (2002), children suffer low self-esteem, isolation, trauma, and homelessness that they may not manifest until later in life. They may also suffer from maladies such as worry, sadness, focus and concentration difficulties, forgetfulness, headaches and stomachaches, lying, and â€Å"poor impulse control,† according to Salisbury and Wichmann (2004). Importantly, there is also a strong correlation between domestic violence and child abuse, a point which reinforces Isaac’s position mentioned earlier (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic violence mini-site, 2005). Edleson (1999, cited in Spath, 2003) takes the same position in stating that â€Å"numerous research studies over the last several decades have reported a connection between domestic violence and child maltreatment within families.† And, finally, as mentioned earlier, the social learning theory would suggest that children who witness violence learn that violence is an acceptable way to settle disputes. Supporting this, Wha-soon (1994) writes that the â€Å"learning of violence causes a cycle of violence.† An Assessment of the Value and Efficacy of Domestic Violence Interventions Methods for dealing with domestic violence generally fall into three categories: prevention, protection, and justice (M2 Presswire, 1998). As the terms imply, prevention attempts to avert incidences of domestic violence through methods such as education and counseling; protection involves attempts to prevent further injury through methods such as removing victims from the situation and ordering offenders to stay away from their victims; and justice involves retribution against domestic violence offenders. The value and efficacy of prevention, protection, and justice methods used in dealing with domestic violence are difficult to measure. A reason for this was mentioned earlier: the lack of a consensus definition for domestic violence itself. (Contemporary Women’s Issues Database, May 1996). Nevertheless, there has been some attempt at measuring performance anecdotally. According to the Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (April 1993): â€Å"Currently, the two most common forms of social intervention are mechanisms that help her to leave (such as emergency shelters) and having him arrested†¦(but) neither of these interventions is ideal.† And, police and judicial interventions do not seem to fair much better as illustrated by the case of Samuel Gutierrez who killed his domestic partner, Kelly Gonzalez, in Chicago, Illinois in the United States after multiple beatings, arrests, and various court interventions (Hanna, 1998). That domestic violence still exists as such a serious social problem is probably the best evidence that current methods for preventing it, protecting its victims, and exacting justice on offenders are not working especially well. Perhaps the future will be brighter. Newer perspectives, such as that offered by the ecological framework theory, offer some hope. It seems that taking a comprehensive, integrated approach could potentially be substantially more effective as the various public and private components work together in a cooperative, synergistic arrangement with one goal—the welfare of the potential or actual victim. One expert even suggests that this combined public-private approach could be enhanced further by adding a third component—the family (nuclear family, extended family, intimate family, close relationships)—to the formal, integrated support arrangement (Kelly, 2004). Conclusion Public and private organizations continue to increase their attention to domestic violence. In the United Kindgom, The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 furnishes greater authority to police and the courts in dealing with cases of domestic violence and in providing protection to victims. Aditionally, the British government’s recently issued national domestic violence action plan sets forth ambitious goals (CrimeReduction.gov.uk, Domestic Violence, 2005) quoted as follows: reduce the prevalence of domestic violence; increase the rate that domestic violence is reported; increase the rate of domestic violence offences that are brought to justice; ensure victims of domestic violence are adequately protected and supported nationwide; and reduce the number of domestic violence related homicides. Returning to the introductory quotation, had Shakespeare’s Desdemona been alive today, perhaps she would have some hope that she would not forever be in such great fear of Othello’s rage. References Asian Pages (1998) What is domestic violence? November 14, 1998. Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: John Wiley Sons. Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Brown, Karen R. and Kenneym, Catherine T. (1996) Report from the front lines: The impact of violence on poor women [Part 1 of 5]. Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 1, 1996. Chalk, R., King, A. (1998). (Eds.). Violence in families: Assessing prevention and treatment programs. Washington, DC: National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Chez, N (1994) Helping the victim of domestic violence. American Nursing 1994;94(7):32-37. Cited in Cited in Gibson-Howell, Joan C. (1996) Domestic violence identification and referral. Journal of Dental Hygiene, March 1, 1996. Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (1996) Domestic and sexual violence data collection [Part 3 of 9], July 1, 1996. Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (1996) Measuring the costs of domestic violence against women and the cost-effectiveness of interventions [Part 1 of 6], May 1, 1996. Contemporary Women’s Issues Database (1993) Men beating women: Ending domestic violence—a qualitative and quantitative study of public attitudes on violence against women [Part 3 of 7], April 1, 1993. Contemporary Womens Issues Database (1996) You or someone you know may live in a home where domestic violence is a problem, January 1, 1996. CrimeReduction.gov.uk (2005), Domestic violence http://www.crimereduction.gov.uk/domesticviolence51.htm, April 4, 2005 [April 11, 2005]. CrimeReduction.gov.uk (2005), Domestic violence mini-site http://www.crimereduction.gov.uk/dv01.htm, April 4, 2005 [April 9, 2005]. Crowell, N. A., and Burgess, A. W. (1996). (Eds.). Understanding violence against women. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Cruz, J. Michael (2003) Why doesnt he just leave? Gay male domestic violence and the reasons victims stay. The Journal of Mens Studies, March 22, 2003. Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Dobash, R. E., and Dobash, R. (1979). Violence against wives: A case against the patriarchy. New York: Free Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Edleson, J. L. (1999). The overlap between child maltreatment and woman battering. Violence Against Women, 5(2), 134-154. Cited in Spath, Robin (2003) Child protection professionals identifying domestic violence indicators: implications for social work education. Journal of Social Work Education, September 22, 2003. Gelles, R. J., Cornell, C. P. (1985). Intimate violence in families. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Gelles, R. J., Cornell, C. P. (1990). Intimate violence in families (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Gibson-Howell, Joan C. (1996) Domestic violence identification and referral. Journal of Dental Hygiene, March 1, 1996. Hanna, Cheryl (1998) The paradox of hope: the crime and punishment of domestic violence. William and Mary Law Review, May 1, 1998. Hewitt, Kim (2002), Silent victims of violence in home. The News Letter (Belfast, Northern Ireland), September 14, 2002. Isaac, Nancy E. (1997) Response to battered mothers in the pediatric emergency department: a call for an interdisciplinary approach to family violence. Pediatrics, February 1, 1997. Josiah, Ivy (1998) Education through radio. Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 2, 1998. Kelly, Kristin A. (2004) Working together to stop domestic violence: state-community partnerships and the changing meaning of public and private. Journal of Sociology Social Welfare, March 1, 2004. Laurence, Louise and Spalter-Roth, Roberta (1996) Research-in-brief: Measuring the costs of domestic violence against women [Part 1 of 2] Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 1, 1996. Leo, John (1994) Is it a war against women? U.S. News World Report, July 11, 1994. Loring, M. T. and Smith, R. W. (1994) Health care barriers and interventions for battered women. Public Health Reports 1994;109(3):322-329. Cited in Gibson-Howell, Joan C. (1996) Domestic violence identification and referral. Journal of Dental Hygiene, March 1, 1996. M2 Presswire (1998) Home Office: Prevention, protection and justice: A comprehensive approach to tackle domestic violence, June 16, 1998. Manor, John H. (1996) Helping abusers out of the domestic violence equation. Michigan Chronicle, January 30, 1996. Meyersfeld, Bonita C. (2003) Reconceptualizing domestic violence in international law. Albany Law Review, December 22, 2003. Neufield, Brenda (1996) SAFE questions: overcoming barriers to the detection of domestic violence. American Family Physician, June 1, 1996. OLeary, K. D. (1987). Physical aggression between spouses: A social learning theory perspective. In V. B. Van Hasselt, R. L. Morrison, A. S. Bellack, M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of family violence (pp. 31-55). New York: Plenum Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Salisbury, Sarah and Wichmann, Lee Anne (2004), Seen or unseen, domestic violence traumatizes children. The Register-Guard, August 29, 2004. Schechter, S. (1982) Women and male violence: The visions and struggles of the battered womens movement. Boston: South End Press. Cited in Danis, Fran S. (2003) The criminalization of domestic violence: What social workers need to know. Social Work, April 1, 2003. Seattle Post-Intelligencer (1999) Domestic violence: Give us statistics we can work with. July 16, 1999. Shakespeare, William (1604), Othello act 5. sc. 2. Edited by Sanders, Norman. Cambridge University Press, 1984. Cited in Meyersfeld, Bonita C. (2003) Reconceptualizing domestic violence in international law. Albany Law Review, December 22, 2003. Siegel, Reva B. (1996), The rule of love: Wife beating as prerogative and privacy, 105 YALE L.J. 2117. Tuerkheimer, Deborah (2004), Recognizing and remedying the harm of battering: A call to criminalize domestic violence. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, June 22, 2004. Simerman, John (2002) Men, too, fall victim to abuse in big numbers. Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service, November 25, 2002. Spath, Robin (2003) Child protection professionals identifying domestic violence indicators: implications for social work education. Journal of Social Work Education, September 22, 2003. Starr, Raymond H., Jr. (2001) Type and timing of mothers victimization: effects on mother and children. Pediatrics, April 1, 2001. Tuerkheimer, Deborah (2004), Recognizing and remedying the harm of battering: A call to criminalize domestic violence. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, June 22, 2004. Verkaik, Robert (2003) One man in six `a victim of domestic violence. The Independent, September 24, 2003. Wha-soon, Byun (1994) A study on the prevention of and countermeasures against domestic violence [Part 1 of 2]. Contemporary Womens Issues Database, January 1, 1994. 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The Great Mystery of the Pyramids Essay -- History, Building and Const

The Great pyramids of Egypt are undoubtedly one of the most recognized and admired landmarks in the world. Built to pay tribute to gods and pharaohs, the pyramids were of great importance to the Egyptians, and the mystery of their construction continues to amaze us today. Many theories pertaining to how the pyramids were built have been suggested, however, none are as well supported or intelligible as the heave-ho method of quarrying and cutting limestone. Joseph Davidovits’ theory disproving this, in which states the pyramids were moulded, is not plausible. Substantial physical evidence which is consistent with the Egyptologists’ portrayal of the heave-ho method has been found. The entire process of building a pyramid with this method is possible, as demonstrated by thorough experiments and analysis of the Egyptian culture. Indisputably, the Great Pyramids of Giza were constructed by quarrying limestone, and the use of ramps, sleds, and cutting tools, owing to the inge nuity and strength of highly organized Egyptian workers. Joseph Davidovits, a French chemist, has proposed that the pyramids were formed using a special concrete mixture, and then poured into wooden moulds where it hardened (Alt. theory #3).While Davidovits claims to have explained aspects of pyramid construction which the heave-ho theory could not, the mould theory has many faults, rendering it weak and improbable. Firstly, the stones used in building the pyramids were of diverse shapes (Article 5). The shape of the stones would be uniform if they were created in moulds of exact dimensions. If each stone was created in a uniquely fashioned mould, it would account for the diversity in shape. However, building thousands, or even hundreds, of moulds would have been e... ...gods they worshiped. In spite of the efforts of other theorists trying to refute this process, there is a very low number of faults in the heave-ho method. Most of the improbabilities and doubts can be explained with proven experiments, as well as examining the Egyptian lifestyle. In conclusion, the heave-ho method is the strongest and most practical theory of pyramid construction, due to the weakness of other theories, significant physical evidence, and how possible it is to achieve. This method irrefutably shows how the hardworking and inventive Egyptians used abundant resources to create magnificent pyramids, by working in highly organized teams, and using tools and machines such as chisels, hammers, and ramps. The actual process of how the pyramids were built may never become known to us; however, the heave-ho method is the closest idea we have to the truth. The Great Mystery of the Pyramids Essay -- History, Building and Const The Great pyramids of Egypt are undoubtedly one of the most recognized and admired landmarks in the world. Built to pay tribute to gods and pharaohs, the pyramids were of great importance to the Egyptians, and the mystery of their construction continues to amaze us today. Many theories pertaining to how the pyramids were built have been suggested, however, none are as well supported or intelligible as the heave-ho method of quarrying and cutting limestone. Joseph Davidovits’ theory disproving this, in which states the pyramids were moulded, is not plausible. Substantial physical evidence which is consistent with the Egyptologists’ portrayal of the heave-ho method has been found. The entire process of building a pyramid with this method is possible, as demonstrated by thorough experiments and analysis of the Egyptian culture. Indisputably, the Great Pyramids of Giza were constructed by quarrying limestone, and the use of ramps, sleds, and cutting tools, owing to the inge nuity and strength of highly organized Egyptian workers. Joseph Davidovits, a French chemist, has proposed that the pyramids were formed using a special concrete mixture, and then poured into wooden moulds where it hardened (Alt. theory #3).While Davidovits claims to have explained aspects of pyramid construction which the heave-ho theory could not, the mould theory has many faults, rendering it weak and improbable. Firstly, the stones used in building the pyramids were of diverse shapes (Article 5). The shape of the stones would be uniform if they were created in moulds of exact dimensions. If each stone was created in a uniquely fashioned mould, it would account for the diversity in shape. However, building thousands, or even hundreds, of moulds would have been e... ...gods they worshiped. In spite of the efforts of other theorists trying to refute this process, there is a very low number of faults in the heave-ho method. Most of the improbabilities and doubts can be explained with proven experiments, as well as examining the Egyptian lifestyle. In conclusion, the heave-ho method is the strongest and most practical theory of pyramid construction, due to the weakness of other theories, significant physical evidence, and how possible it is to achieve. This method irrefutably shows how the hardworking and inventive Egyptians used abundant resources to create magnificent pyramids, by working in highly organized teams, and using tools and machines such as chisels, hammers, and ramps. The actual process of how the pyramids were built may never become known to us; however, the heave-ho method is the closest idea we have to the truth.

Gradesavers Montreal

Gradesavers Tutoring Inc. is a Montreal-based private company registered in 2004 that helps students in many High Schools and CEGEP academically. At the beginning, in 2003 it was a sole proprietorship, from a group of Finance student, led by Rohit Soni and several professors in Mc Gill University, creating a tutorial service that help other students. It incorporated in January 2005. Currently the company not only has expanded its university services in Canada and the United States, preparing graduates for the CFA, CSC, GMAT, GRE and SAT examinations, but ready to expand to French Language market in Montreal as well. Missions Gradesavers Tutoring Inc. covers academic areas of Business/Management, Mathematics, Statistics, Economics and Engineering. Their service will help students get rid of stress about exams, assignments, papers and quizzes. They have the patient and experienced tutors that can prepare average students for whatever counts towards the grades. They prepare their stay up-to-date data base to ensure that student can solve the problems as well as exams easily. Offers. Gradesavers` key sessions in Both English and French are â€Å"Private tutorials†, â€Å"Practice problem sessions†, â€Å"Weekly topic†, and the most famous â€Å"Crash courses and Mock exams†. â€Å"Private tutorials† are customized for students needing personalized attention and who need assistance with specific topics. Tutorials are normally held in a group of 2 or 3 students. â€Å"Practice problem sessions† are designed to help students to practice to do the problems that can be in the exams or if they are struggling with assignments. Weekly topics† are designed to follow the students’ course outlines and cover one topic per week. â€Å"Weekly topics† are normally held in groups of up to 15. Finally, The best well-known service of Gradesavers is â€Å"Crash Tutorials and Mock exams† which are designed for students to prepare prior the midterms and finals to make sure that students will not fail the exa m. Tutorials and Mock exams prepare for students what materials they should, and what should appear on your real exams. Online Registeration The membership is free, there three steps that helps students easier to get benefits from Gradsaver. Step 1: Become a Member which allows students receives up—to-date information for Company. Step 2: Attend our Tutorials which allows students choose Tutorial sessions that matches their requirements. Step 3: Make the Grade which helps students improve their results Organization structure Gradesavers Inc. is managed by two co-owners Rohit Soni and Chetan Soni who have knowledge in the tutoring business. Others tutors in the company are required to be Grade A Tutors.

Realism and Romanticism essays

Realism and Romanticism essays Despite the Realist movements attempt to portray art in a more realistic true form from the Romantic periods often exaggerated emotional depiction of art. The Realist movement may have depicted art from a more true to life point of view than Romantic artists, but in fact was heavily influenced by the artistic motives and styles of the Romantic period. The art period known as Romanticism began in the late 18th early 19th centuries people were tired with the norms of society. Artists of the era were preceded by the Renaissance thinkers and artists who had a very empirical and analytical approach (Galitz, 2004). Romanticism was a revolt against the straightforward heavily analyzed thinking of the Renaissance and the ideas that human actions are guides by inevitable laws of nature. Romantic artist encouraged imagination, exploration of individual thinking, and all forms of inspiration. Artists were not bound by any one particular style being encouraged to explore feeling and surrounding inspirations, often portraying a glorification of nature while incorporating a chivalric and nationalist feel (Galitz, 2004). Romantics create a clear good versus evil portrayal by painting with a clear vision of what is evil and what is good. During the French Revolution Romantics showed their strong resistance to the rational thinking of the enlightened period. Using nostalgia and exotic influences to glorify heroes, romantics were able use exaggerated depictions of nature to portray the hero as overcoming insurmountable odds against not only the enemy but also Mother Nature simultaneously. Romantics were able to expressed emotion with different forms of exaggeration but still kept a very realistic approach so viewers we able view themselves in the art and relate to it. Realism which began in the 1850s and continued into the 1900s attempted to use art to depict life as it really was (Fino...

How to Manage and Identify the Boxelder Tree

How to Manage and Identify the Boxelder Tree Boxelder, also known as ash-leaved maple is one of the most common and adaptable urban trees in North America though  it also may be the trashiest from a visual perspective. Planting it next to your house is probably not a good idea. The best thing about the tree is that it is comfortable on poor sites where more desirable trees cannot maintain adequate health for long life. It is very commonly seen in the treeless plains and western United States as a street tree. You can use the tree for quick growth but plan to interplant with more desirable trees to provide for a lasting tree canopy. Boxelder can be a treasure on adverse tree sites. Boxelder Specifics The scientific name of boxelder is Acer negundo (AY-ser nuh-GUHN-doe). Common names include ashleaf maple, Manitoba maple, and poison ivy tree and the tree is a member of the plant family Aceraceae. Although considered by many a maple outcast, it is indeed in the maple family and the only native maple with more than one single blade or leaflet on a single leaf stalk. Boxelder grows in USDA hardiness zones 3 through 8 and is native to North America. The tree is sometimes crafted into a bonsai specimen but often used as a screen/ windbreak and for land reclamation. It grows rapidly, can become very large and needs a lot of space. Boxelder is still a very common tree to see in a yard or park west of the Mississippi River.​ Boxelder Cultivars There are several attractive cultivars of boxelder including Aureo-Variegata, Flamingo and Auratum. The cultivar Acer negundo Aureo-Variegata is noted for its leaves bordered in gold. Acer negundo Flamingo has variegated leaves with pink margins and is somewhat available at local nurseries. Acer negundo Auratum has abundant gold leaves but is a little harder to find. You must remember that even though these cultivars are ornamental, they still share the original boxelder tree’s undesirable characteristics that include unattractive female fruit and breakage that increase the chances of the trees early removal due to quick growth. Problems With Boxelder Boxelder is a rather unattractive tree where limbs break with a vengeance   a landscape maintenance nightmare. The fruit droops in clusters which some describe as looking like dirty brown socks which adds to the overall trashy look of the tree. The boxelder bug makes things even worse. Robert Schafer / Getty Images Boxelder bug or Leptocoris trivittatus loves the boxelder tree. This half-inch red-striped insect is a true pest during winter where the adult multiplies and invades homes near where boxelder trees grow. It is one of the most common household pests in the United States. The bug emits a foul odor, stains fabric and can cause asthmatic reactions. It does no harm to the tree. Boxelder Description A boxelder in the landscape grows to a height of 25 to 50 feet, depending on tree variety and site conditions. One of the tallest ever measured had a recorded height of 110 feet. The trees crown spread is 25 to 45 feet and the crown is typically broad and ragged or disheveled. The tree often has multiple furrowed trunks or very squat single trunks. Flowers are without petals, dioecious and yellowish-green and the female tassels are very conspicuous. The very maple-looking seeds, called samaras hang in long, profuse clusters and stay on the tree throughout winter. Nearly every seed is viable and will cover up a disturbed area with seedlings   a very prolific seeder is boxelder. Boxelder Leaf Botanics Leaf arrangement: opposite/suboppositeLeaf type: odd pinnately compoundLeaflet margin: lobed; serrateLeaflet shape: lanceolate; ovateLeaflet venation: pinnate; reticulateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaflet blade length: 2 to 4 inchesLeaf color: greenFall color: orange; yellowFall characteristic: showy Pruning Boxelder You will have to prune this tree regularly.  Boxelder branches droop as the tree grows and will require pruning if you have consistent walking and vehicular traffic under the canopy. The tree form is not particularly showy and should be grown with one single trunk to maturity. The tree is susceptible to breakage and can occur either at the crotch due to poor collar formation, or where the wood itself is weak and tends to break. Superior Western Boxelders There are also good qualities of boxelders in western North America. It seems that the tree takes on positive characteristics in the west that is not seen in trees in the eastern half of North America. California interior boxelder takes on yellow and red colors in autumn that rival eastern maple. Its drought tolerance makes the tree a welcome plant in that dry country landscape and very easy on limited water resources.

Social Security Programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Security Programs - Research Paper Example This was meant actually to ensure the retirees had some money at their disposal so as to ensure cash flow which would in turn stimulate the economy. In addition he also wanted this program to be an income supplement. This was also supposed to ensure that most people especially the old and disabled were to be entitled to a social security insurance program especially those who were of the aged (Dilnot, 1989). Over the past year there has been much to say about the social security fund though most talks don’t seem to be very appealing. The truth of the matter is the Us government is really having it rough now as far as the social security fund is concerned since the dependants today compared to the time when this project was initiated has rose by millions. In the coming 2-3decades this fund will be practically impossible to run and offer the citizens of US that social security it was intended for (Sacks, 2000). One major blow to the social security fund is the fact that the group of beneficiaries have been increased over time from just the elderly and disable to the spouse or minor children of a retired workers and another benefit was also included for the family of a worker who has dead prematurely. Now if you put together these facts together with the fact that Americans are living longer then this is a big blow to the success of this fund in the coming years (Sacks, 2000). According to the additional views by the Senator Robert J. Dole, the long term deficit that will be in the non-medical social security program translated to 1.8% of the taxable payroll. when one On closely looking at the projections of the actuaries, in the next 75years the benefits of this program shall be very challenging to payroll tax income translating to about $25 billion per year in deficit. This deficit is seen practically a big problem to the success of the social security fund and if not addressed this program has a very terrible

Greatest Designs by Groupism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Greatest Designs by Groupism - Essay Example Students show it in different ways. These factors can be identified as important problems in group activity in a classroom. Therefore it is necessary to focus attention on design and development of a cohesive group in a classroom assignment by investing personal energy of each and every individual towards the success of the assignment/discussion. The development of a cohesive group will require four dimensions of the learning task. While it requires a high level of accountability and motivation among the group members, it ensures that members receive a meaningful feedback within a short time period; and also it facilitates high level of group performance in the assignment activity. Group assignment in the process of student performance enhancing programs should be designed effectively. Thus the making of a good group assignment in the classroom requires the consideration of two stages of the discussions - prior to the discussion and during the discussion within and between the groups. Prior to the discussion group members are expected to ensure the accountability individually. And during the discussion, members should share their specific choices and compare with the other groups. Also during the discussion between the groups students need to focus their attention on the key issues and report before starting the total classr oom discussion. Design process of assig