Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello Essays -- GCSE English Literature Co

Jealousy in Othello  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare is known for his exceptional ability to compose plays full of deceit, trickery, revenge, and jealousy. The play Othello, evolves around the theme of jealousy.    One of Shakespeare's most credible characteristics in his writing is his ability to compose a play in which has a story that originates, and strides on lies. As theses lies were unraveled the central theme of his play became distinct, and clearly visible. The central theme was based on the acts that characters had taken based on their jealous feelings. The flaws within all of the characters lied within their blindness to over look Iago's lies. What made each character jealous, was what they perceived as the truth.    What adds to this great tragedy is that it is a love story as well. In which a man, Othello, loves excessively and passionately, however he loves unwisely. Love consumes all those who take part in it, and in Othello's case his flaws lie in his loving Desdemona so blindly. It is for that single reason that Iago knows that such a naà ¯ve man as Othello, who loves his wife so blindly and unrealistically, can be corrupted.    Just as Othello's flaws lied within his inability to see past his jealous feelings, so did most of the rest of characters, no matter what social ranking they were classified in. Even from the well-developed characters, such as Othello, to the lesser figures, such as Roderigo, envy and lust were feelings all of Shakespeare's characters were accountable of holding at one time or other in the play. Within each of the characters in Othello was a level of jealousy, which Iago created by testing their pressure points for his benefit.    In Act 1 scene 1, Shakespeare... ...'s Tragic Heroes. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970.    Ferguson, Francis. "Two Worldviews Echo Each Other." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Gardner, Helen. "Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from "The Noble Moor." British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare: The Tragedies. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1985.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.      Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Synopsis on Customer Relationship Management

G. PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 2012-2013 SYNOPSIS REPORT On A STUDY ON CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT WITH REFERENCE TO M. S. A. MOTORS, KURNOOL Submitted by C. VENKATA NAGA SINDOOR Roll no: 11AT1E0052 Under the guidance of K. NAGAIAH, MBA Assistant Professor. INDEX| 1. | Introduction| | 2. | Objectives of the Study| | 3. | Need for the Study| | 4. | Scope of the Study| | 5. | Research * Source of data * Procedure of sample size| | 6. | Limitation of the Study| | 7. Company details| | Synopsis Approval Letter This is to certify that Mr. C. Venkata Naga Sindoor, Reg. No 11AT1E0052 submitted the synopsis report entitled â€Å"A Study on Customer Relationship Management with reference to M. S. A. Motors, Kurnool in fulfillment for the award of Master of Business Administration to G. Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology is a record of bonafide work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision. Signature of t he Guide Signature of the HOD IntroductionRelationship building with customers is now accepted as over-riding goal of marketing and of the business as a whole. In service industries, the goal is especially emphasized since a repeat customer is believed to cost merely a fraction of what needs to be spent in servicing a new customer is service transaction. It is believed that relationships flourish when marketers play the book, meet customers. core expectations and exceed in respect of other features of their total offering. Service firms have been the pioneers in adopting the practice of Customer Relationship Management practices.Indian banking industry has witnessed rapid development in recent past with the initiation of financial sector reforms. The thrust of financial sector reforms was to improve efficiency, competitiveness and productivity of the financial system. The entry of new generation private sector banks which provided technology aided services like Internet banking, Mob ile banking, Inter Branch network, etc. , has electrified the banking environment in India and has added a new dimensions to automation in Indian banking. Customer Relationship Management is a vital factor to improve the performance of the banks.Most of the banks in India are now turning to CRM as they are increasingly realizing that the cost of acquiring new customers is for higher than the cost of retaining existing customers. This quest has led to the implementation of CRM in banks. The concept of CRM is in the initial stage of implementation in banks, as getting the CRM philosophy work in a bank is quite complex as well as a challenging task for, its implementation is based on certain key principles, namely, ?The banks must realize that all customers are not equal; Customer profitability varies from person to person; ?Not all customers are evenly desirable for the banks; ?The banks must differentiate their customers based on the „Value Criteria; ?Value is the profit that t he customer adds to the bank account; and ?A more profitable customer is a „High Value customer and a less profitable customer is a „Low Value customer. Changing perception of customer The perception of a customer has drastically changed. Peter Drucker said twenty-five years ago, that the purpose of a business wads to attract and retain a customer.There has been a phenomenal change and paradigm shift towards customer focus during the past five decades in the Indian context, ?1961-1970 Servicing the Customer, ?1971-1980 Satisfying the Customer, ?1981-1990 Pleasing the Customer, ?1991-2000 Delighting the Customer, ?2001 and beyond Relating the Customer. Today, the customer relationship between the banker and customer has come under the sharp focus both the customers? ends. 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * To identify various services offered by MSA motors to consolidate their CRM strategies. To study the customer perception on factors influencing Customer Relationship Manageme nt in MSA motors * To classify the customers opinion on initial strategies, maintenance strategies, technology, service satisfaction and impact of CRM. * To ascertain the perception of show room executives on various aspects of CRM. 3. Need for the study As lifestyles change people begin to have more experiences in banking. There are two consequences of this 1) Customers have different feelings about services provided for them by Show rooms 2)Customers develop higher expectations for their Buying experience. . Scope of the study Scope of this study is it will assist MSA motors to get its own customer relationship management system mirror well and it will get all the important things before eyes to apply all the possible ways to provide a superb service to the customers and accordingly make them loyal and retain them long lasting and also to get new customers to be served. Scopes can be stated in few points as follows * Maintain current/ existing customers. * Achieve new potential cu stomers. * Retain all the customers * Profitability increment Reputation and credibility increment, etc. , 5. Research Methodology Source of the Data: Primary Data 1. Primary data are always original as it is collected by the investigator. 2. Suitability of the primary data will be positive because it has been systematically collected. 3. Primary data are expensive and time consuming. 4. Extra precautions are not required. 5. Primary data are in the shape of raw material. 6. Possibility of personal prejudice. Primary data is collected from interview and questionnaire in this study. Secondary dataSecondary  data, is data collected by someone other than the user. Common sources of secondary data for  social science  include  censuses, organizational records and data collected through qualitative methodologies or  qualitative research. Primary data, by contrast, are collected by the investigator conducting the research. Secondary data analysis saves time that would otherwise be spent collecting data and, particularly in the case of  quantitative data, provides larger and higher-quality  databases  that would be unfeasible for any individual researcher to collect on their own.In addition, analysts of social and economic change consider secondary data essential, since it is impossible to conduct a new survey that can adequately capture past change and or developments. Secondary data is collected from company, newspapers, journals, websites, and from library books. 6. Limitations of the Study * The response from the customer may be biased * Since the sample size is limited, it may lead to the partial true factor about the research. * The information obtained or the collection of data is limited. Due to time constraint the study is restrict to Kurnool onlyCOMPANY DETAILS Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL, formerly known as Maruti Udyog Limited) is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation, Japan. MSIL has been producing cars in India since 1983. Maruti ’s revenues totaled approximately 73. 3 billion rupees in 2009-2010. It’s operating profit as of 2009-2010 is 75 billion rupees while its net profit comes to 6. 8 billion rupees. The company has two manufacturing facilities located at Gurgaon and Manesar, south of New Delhi, India, which have an annual combined capability to produce over a 12 lakh (12, 00,000) passenger car units.The company is planning to invest 17 billion rupees in the Manesar plant. Maruti is known for its hatchback cars, especially the Maruti 800. Other popular hatchback models include the Maruti Zen and the Alto. It offers fourteen brands and over one hundred and fifty variants – Maruti 800, Omni, Eeco, Alto, Alto-K10, A-star, WagonR, Swift, Ritz and Estilo, Gypsy, SUV Grand Vitara, sedans SX4 and Swift DZire. Maruti Suzuki introduced factory fitted CNG option on 5 models across vehicle segments. These include Eeco, Alto, Estilo, Wagon R and Sx4.Maruti Suzuki has an employee strength over 7 ,600 (as at end March 2010). In 2009-10, the company sold a record 10,18,365 units including 1,47,575 units which we exported primarily to Europe, the remaining 870,790 sold in India. In the third quarter of 2009-2010, the company sold 258, 026 units. Thus, in March 2010, Maruti Suzuki had a India market share of 53. 3 per cent of the Indian passenger car market of 16,33,752 passenger car units. Maruti Suzuki will be investing around Rs. 1,250 crore (Rs 12. 5 billion) on capacity expansion of the K-series engines between 2010 and 2012.The expanded annual capacity will be over 7 lakh units from the present 5 lakh units of K-series engine cars. This will be a progressive investment to be completed by 2012. It has a sales network is 802 centers in 555 towns and cities across India. The customer service support network comprises of 2,740 workshops in over 1,335 towns and cities. In 2008, Maruti Suzuki India Limited, unveiled a National Road Safety Mission under which it would train 500, 000 people in safe driving in 3 years at 61 Maruti Driving Schools and 4 Institutes of Driving Training and Research (IDTR) in Delhi, Dehradun and Vadodara. HISTORYIn 1981, Maruti was launched. The company was started by the Government of India and was initially called Maruti Technical Services Private Limited. The first Managing Director of the company was Sanjay Gandhi, late-Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s son. During the period of 1985 to 1996, a few other significant developments took place including Suzuki taking up 50% stake in Maruti, leading to a 50-50 joint venture between Maruti and the Government of India and over 60 per cent of its parts being produced in India leading to lower costs of production as the parts didn’t have to be imported from abroad.When asked why Suzuki was chosen as the partner of this established corporation, the chairman of Maruti, Mr. R. C Bhargava said that the company went to Japan and none of the companies out of Nissan, Mitsub ishi and Daihatsu were ready to bring 40 per cent equity in India. Suzuki was the only company which agreed to bring 26 per cent equity in India and raise it to 40 per cent thereafter. The first car that the company produced was a four-door Maruti 800 and the second car that the company produced was a Multi-Utility Vehicle called the Omni. Between 1994 and 1996 Maruti released the Esteem, the Gypsy, the Omni, the Gypsy King, Zen and Esteem.It also opened a second plant in Manesar whose capacity at the time of opening was 2,00,000 units. In 2000 Maruti launched a call center. This was the first time a car company had ever launched a call center in India. In this year, Maruti setup a website for its Wagon-R car, introduced a new model of the Zen, got the IRTE National Award for its safety initiative, traffic management and environment protection, launched the Baleno and the Wagon R with electric power steering, joined hands with Sumitomo for providing after-sales service and introduce d the Suzuki Alto. The Gurgaon plant had stopped production due to a strike by the employees.Maruti introduced its first CNG car in 2001. In the same year Maruti invested 550 crore rupees in manufacturing cars. In 2002, Maruti launched Maruti Finance to offer financial services like extended warranty and finance for car insurance. It also hiked its car prices and launched the Versa. This was a good year for Maruti in exports as it produced 16,000 cars for an order to Europe. In the next few years Maruti got into collaboration with various companies to launch car-selling schemes. They partnered with State Bank of India to launch a scheme where each branch of the bank would sell a Maruti car.The company also tied-up with Reliance Industries Limited for lease and fleet management. This was the same year Kumar Mangalam Birla joined Maruti as an independent director. From 2005 – 2007 Maruti became the market leader of Indian cars and in 2006 unveiled the new Wagon-R in Punjab. In 2007, Maruti launched the SX4 sedan. TECHNOLOGY Maruti Suzuki uses an innovative Compressed Natural Gas technology – the Intelligent Gas Port Injection (iGPI) on five of its models – the SX4, Eeco, WagonR, Estilo and Alto. The iGPI technology delivers more power and runs like a petrol-filled engine while achieving fuel-efficiency.The iGPI technology uses injectors for each cylinder and a particular amount of CNG is injection in the engine through gas ports. The Engine Control Unit controls the amount of CNG needed for each ride. Two components used by Maruti in cars such as the Maruti Omni to help increase fuel economy are the crankshaft sensor and knock sensor. They control the ignition timing and fuel injection. The crank shaft is a part of the car’s engine that translates its linear motion into rotation. The sensor is part of the internal combustion engine which monitors the position and rotational speed of the crankshaft.The knock sensor is a part thatâ€⠄¢s linked to the car’s engine-when the car’s engine is not working it knocks on it and usually you hear the knocking sound. The knock sensor will send a signal to the Powercontrol Car Module (PCM). The Maruti Swift has a Direct Diesel Injection System engine. This engine has efficient combustion, higher torque and cleaner emissions. It is an extremely light engine and has a 75 bhp, 190 Nm of torque capacity. It has a five-step multi-injection technology that makes the car run more smoothly than other cars.It also has a Double Over Head Camshaft that gives the engine a quick run. It also has a Chain Drive Timing System. This engine is way better than the Maruti 800 engine which has a Single Over Head Camshaft and only two valves per cylinder while the Swift has sixteen-valve cylinder. The Maruti Suzuki SX4 has a Variable Valve Timing engine. According to the company, they will use K-Series engines in all car models. India’s largest car manufacturer Maruti Suzuki decided to implement the K-series petrol engine in all the models for at least five years according to a company report.The K-Series engine is a straight four cylinder engine that comes in Single Overhead Camshaft and Double Overhead Camshaft variants. This engine will be made in the Maruti Manesar plant in Haryana for the A-Star car which is produced in India and sold in Europe. The K-Series engine is Euro 4 and Euro 5 compliant and is the most advanced of engines. The engine has a CO2 emission of 109 gm/km and plans to reduce it further. The engine is extremely fuel efficient. ————————————————- Awards & RecognitionAs one of the top Indian brands of cars, Maruti Suzuki has won many national and international awards since it began production. Some of the major accomplishments of Maruti are listed below: 1. Maruti Suzuki Alto received the TNS Voice of Customer Award in 200 8. TNS Global is a market research firm. In the same year Maruti received the CNBC-Autocar India Award in the category Best Value for Money Car for the SX4. It also received the CNBC-Autocar India Best Mid Size Car Award and the CNBC-Autocar India Car of the Viewers’ Choice Award for the SX4.Maruti Suzuki India Limited received The Car Manufacturer of the Year Award in 2008. 2. In 2009, Maruti won the JD Power Asia Pacific Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) Survey award, the JD Power Asia Pacific Sales Satisfaction Index (SSI) Survey award, the Most Preferred Car Brand Award at CNBC AWAAZ Consumer Award, the Golden Peacock Eco-Innovation Award, and the Gold-Award by India Manufacturing Excellence Awards (IMEA). 3. In 2010, Maruti won the CNBC-TV18 Overdrive Manufacturer of the Year Award and the Autocar Manufacturer of the Year Award. 4.Alto’s â€Å"Boondon Mein† campaign won the Silver medal of the prestigious â€Å"Effie Award† in 2006 and 2007. 5. Alto won the â€Å"Car of the Year† and â€Å"Most Exciting New Car of the Year† by India’s automobile magazine in 2000. Some of the international awards that Maruti has won include the following: 1. Japan – It won the Car of the Year award by the Automotive Researchers' ; Journalists' Conference, the 2005-2006 Car of the Year, the Goof Design Award by Japan Industrial Design Promotion Organization and the 2005-2006 Carview of the Year Award. 2.Iceland & Ireland – Maruti Suzuki won the Car of the Year 2006 given out by the BIBD Association of Automotive Journalists, the Samperit Irish Car of the Year 2006 given out by the Irish Motoring Writer’s Association. 3. New Zealand and Australia – Maruti won the Fairfax AMI Small Car of the Year Award by Autocar, the National Business Review Small Car of the Year Award by The National Business Review and the 2005 Carsguide Car of the Year. 4. Malaysia – Maruti Swift was the winner in the NST Mastercard Car of the Year 2005 â€Å"Small Car† category. 5.China – Maruti Swift won the 2005 CTV COTY â€Å"Economical Car† by CCTV. ————————————————- International Operations Maruti Suzuki is a global company with over 8,500 employees engaged in sales, customer service, manufacturing, and distribution in many countries across the world. It is partly owned by the government of India and partly owned by the Japanese company, Suzuki Motor Corporation. Suzuki Motor Corporation, the parent company owns 54% of Maruti’s shares. Maruti’s cars are of European style but custom-made to cater to the local markets.Maruti Suzuki has launched the Grand Vitara, SX4 and the Swift as part of the worldwide strategy. Maruti Suzuki not only provides hatchbacks, mid and small level cars but also luxury cars. Maruti Suzuki has also launched another concept car called Kizashi which was showcased in the Frankfurt Motor Show and is now available in India. The Grand Vitara, which is an SUV and Kizashi, which is a sports sedan are imported from Japan as completely built units(CBU). Maruti Suzuki is sold in China by Jiangnan Auto. The company has launched the car at Rs. 1. 24 lakhs.Four companies that produced the Maruti 800 in China are: Chang’an Auto, Jiang Nan, Xi’an Tai and Sichuan Auto Maruti Suzuki also has office in Japan. Indian engineers sometimes travel to Japan to work on Maruti cars and Japanese engineers sometimes travel to India to provide their expertise for Maruti Suzuki. ————————————————- Exports Maruti Suzuki exports entry-level models across the globe to over 100 countries and the focus has been on identifying new markets. The company exports to the United Kingdom, Italy, Hungary, Netherlands, Germ any, Latin America, Africa, Philippines and Indonesia.Along with these countries, Maruti also sells its cars to Algeria, Chile, Sri Lanka and Nepal. The company exported 38,000 passenger cars in 2006-2007, around 6. 4 per cent of its total sales. The car that contributes most to Maruti’s export income is the A-Star model. In 2007, Maruti got an export order of 11,000 units of the Zen Estilo to Indonesia and 1,500 units of the Maruti Alto to the Philippines, become the initial car manufacturer to export to South East Asia. Maruti crossed the cumulative half-a-million export mark in February 2008, becoming the first Indian car company to export half-a-million units.Maruti has tied up with the Mundra post for development of port facilities for export shipments through Pune Car Carriers. Maruti started exporting cars from this post in January 2009. Moving to international markets, Maruti has large export volumes to Latin America and the lesser-developed region of Africa. Marutiâ €™s exports have increased by 60% over the years at these two locations. In 2008, in a joint venture between Maruti Suzuki, Mundra Port and the Special Economic Zone, the company exported 1,00,000 units of the A-Star from the Mundra Port.Even though the company exports to all five continents, Europe makes up 56 per cent of Maruti’s cumulative exports as of February 2011, making it the single largest source of export income for the company. The sales figures for the continent of Europe as of February 2011, by country are given below: – Netherlands – 67,700 units – Italy – 41,000 units – United Kingdom – 34,000 units – Germany – 20,000 units – Hungary – 20,000 units ————————————————- Future Plans On May 11, 2011, Maruti announced its plans to design new car models at its Rohtak Plant in India.Th e new car models will be crafted for the next four years for the Indian and International Market. Maruti is experimenting with new car models in an effort to stay ahead of its competition and will be responsible for 25 per cent of Suzuki, its parent company’s, revenues. In the financial year 2010-2011 Maruti Suzuki reported a net sales figure of 37,522 crore rupees. Maruti will invest in a new plant in Gujarat which will produce 6 million units a year which is being done in an effort to make the company the leader in the car market. The company is having a look at different plants as shown by the Government of India.In another effort, Maruti will introduce four new cars in the Indian market: The mass-market hatchback, a utility vehicle, a new and improved Swift, and a unique SX4. The company plans to release the design of the YE3, the hatchback by June-July 2011 while the car will actually be shown in the Auto Expo 2012. The company plans to design the YE3 without any involve ment of Suzuki which is a major feat since most of its cars have been designed in collaboration with Suzuki in the past. The YE3 will be a four-door, four seat hatchback and will be available in a 600-800cc engine and a five speed manual transmission.The company also plans to launch the Maruti R3 under a different name. The Maruti R3 is a Multi-Utility Vehicle that will come in a Rs. 7 lakhs – Rs. 9 lakhs ex-showroom price and is a six-seater compact van strapped with three rows of seats and rear-hinged rear doors. The car will come in both 1. 2 litre K-Series engines and a 1. 6 litre Variable Valve Timing engine, each of which have been present in the popular models of Swift and SX4. The R3 will compare to an Innova. The company plans to sell it in emerging markets. It will be showcased in the Auto Expo 2012.The company plans to get a diesel engine for the car from Volkswagen. The third new model of Maruti, the new Swift will be launched by July 2011 will a 1. 3 litre multi- jet diesel engine and a 1. 2 litre K-Series engine. The new Swift fall in the Rs. 3. 5 – 5. 5 lakhs bracket depending on the model and approximately 17,000 units will be produced each year. Along with coming up with new cars and new plants, Maruti is also expanding its transportation capacity. The company has forged partnerships for this with the Adani group to set up a mega car terminal at the Mundra port.

Reconstruction After the American Civil War Essay

The civil war is considered by many the most important war that our country has endured. During the 5 year Civil War, not only did 620,000 men die, but our nation was left in ruins. It was necessary that our country be rebuilt from bottom up. Abraham Lincoln, said to be the brightest president of his time, had plans and ideas for reconstruction. Unfortunately, these plans were failed to be put in place due to the fact of his assassination on April 14, 1865. Throughout some of the most politically tough years our nation has experienced (1865-1877) lousy presidents were elected, plans and bills failed and succeeded, and struggles with civil rights were prominent everywhere. The United State’s hopeful plans for reconstructing and reuniting slowly faded until it was all gone The most important part of reconstruction would probably have to be the beginning, or where it all started. Reconstruction of our nation began unofficially in 1863 with Lincoln’s 10% plan. Because Lincoln wanted a reunited nation as easily and quickly as possible, he entailed that only 10% of the confederates in each state would have to swear allegiance in order for the state to be accepted back into the union. Because of the small number of confederates needed to swear allegiance, the radical republicans in congress were angered and proposed the Wade-Davis Bill. The Wade-Davis bill was intended to make congress responsible for reconstruction rather than the president, and also stated that the majority (not 10%) would have to swear allegiance in each state to be re-accepted into the union. For the good of the united states, not for selfish reasons, Lincoln vetoed (or declined) the bill. Because Lincoln was assassinated, the rest of his plans and hopes for reconstruction were n ever put to use, and his vice-president, Andrew Johnson, took the Presidential role. As reconstruction continued on, it brought many major achievements that greatly benefited our country. One of the greatest accomplishments of reconstruction was the Fifteenth Amendment. The Fifteenth Amendment stated that everyone has a right to vote no matter what â€Å"race, color, or previous condition of servitude† was. Because many whites didn’t like this, they wouldn’t cooperate with the amendment and would go as far as using violence to make blacks not vote. Because of this congress used the Enforcement Act of 1870 which entailed that federal governments would be able to punish those that were causing problems for the African Americans. Going along with the fifteenth amendment, reconstruction brought another achievement, a new life and society for former slaves. Supported by the government, former slaves were able to create new lives for themselves. Although it took hard work and dedication, African Americans were able to create schooling systems, churches and volunteer groups and fight against segregation. Former slaves were able to reunite with their families, and blacks were even finally allowed a spot in politics. The final greatest achievement of reconstruction was reuniting our country. Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and the other four states all re-entered the union by 1870. By originally initiating reconstruction, this is what Lincoln was shooting for. Although they still had political and economic differences, they were once again a reunited nation. With every great movement and political plan, lasting effects come along with it. During reconstruction many things were accomplished, which means that our nation was faced with many positive and negative effects. Some of the positive effects included new opportunities for the common public and former slaves. For example, the common public was presented with its first public school system, new roads and railroads, as well as orphanages for children and institutions for the mentally ill. One of the negative effects of the war was the physically and economically drained south. After the war, the south was in extremely poor physical condition and most everything had to be either rebuilt or restored. This was going to cost sufficient amounts of money that the south did not have. To get the money, the taxes rose and the wages lowered. Many people were without family members that died in the civil war, and the south’s population had decreased drastically. Another lasting effect that reconstruction left on our nation was a dent on the farms and plantations in the south. Many farms and plantations in the south had been ruined. Poor whites and African Americans were at disagreement with rich whites on what the farm land should be used as. Rich whites wanted to restore the plantation system and poor whites and African Americans wanted to create small farms and subsistence farming. Labor was also down. With many men dying in the war, not as many people were left to work on the farms. When the plantations were reopened, many African Americans and poor whites worked on the plantations in exchange for housing, food, clothing, etc. Many good and bad effects were left on our nation from reconstruction. Although reconstruction was a good recovery point for our nation, it was slowly ended in 1877 for a collection of reasons. One of the largest problems was whites inflicting violence on African Americans to prevent them from exercising their rights. During reconstruction, Americans struggled with anti-black radicals such as the Ku Klux Klan. They destroyed buildings, personal property, harmed the African Americans, and even went as far as killing them. The goal of the Ku Klux Klan was to restore white supremacy. By 1880 terrorist groups had restored white supremacy in the south. Along with terrorist groups, political troubles were also in the nation’s way. General Ulysses S. Grant was elected president in 1872. Because Grant was inexperienced, he brought his friends into high positions and many scandals resulted. Because of all of the scandals, many people became irritated and more conflict arose. Last but not least, the United States was experiencing economic turmoil. The panic of 1873 was one of the main reasons that focus was turned away from reconstruction. A man named Jay Cooke invested a grand amount of money in railroads and not enough investors bought shares, causing Cooke to spiral into debt. Because of this Cooke’s banking firm (largest in the nation) went bankrupt. Many small banks and businesses closed and the stock market closed. Millions lost their jobs. Because of this five year depression, the focus of the country was turned away from reconstruction. Reconstruction lasted a solid 13 years that were filled with many great improvements and countless lasting effects on our country. While enduring many severe losses and challenges brought on by the Civil War, the United States pushed through and reunited. We will always be affected by this era in our country’s history. Throughout many failed presidencies, failed and passed bills and movements, and continuous struggles with civil rights, America became the country it is tod ay. From the achievements to the collapse of reconstruction, I believe it was completely necessary and left many lasting effects, good and bad, on our country.

Free Essays on Banking

So Much for That Plan "More than 70% of commercial bank assets are held by organizations that are supervised by at least two federal agencies; almost half attract the attention of three or four. Banks devote on average about 14% of their non-interest expense to complying with rules" (Anonymous 88). A fool can see that government waste has struck again. This tangled mess of regulation, among other things, increases costs and diffuses accountability for policy actions gone awry. The most effective remedy to correct this problem would be to consolidate most of the supervisory responsibilities of the regulatory agencies into one agency. This would reduce costs to both the government and the banks, and would allow the parts of the agencies not consolidated to concentrate on their primary tasks. One such plan was introduced by Treasury Secretary Lloyd Bentsen in March of 1994. The plan called for folding, into a new independent federal agency (called the Banking Commission), the regulatory portions of the Off ice of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS). This plan would save the government $150 to $200 million a year. This would also allow the FDIC to concentrate on deposit insurance and the Fed to concentrate on monetary policy (Anonymous 88). Of course this is Washington, not The Land of Oz, so everyone can't be satisfied with this plan. Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan and FDIC Chairman Ricki R. Tigert have been vocal opponents of the plan. Greenspan has four major complaints about the plan. First, divorced from the banks, the Fed would find it harder to forestall and deal with financial crises. Second, monetary policy would suffer because the Fed would have less access to review the banks. Thirdly, a supervisor with no macroeconomic concerns might be too inclined to discourage banks from taking risks, slowing the economy ... Free Essays on Banking Free Essays on Banking So Much for That Plan "More than 70% of commercial bank assets are held by organizations that are supervised by at least two federal agencies; almost half attract the attention of three or four. Banks devote on average about 14% of their non-interest expense to complying with rules" (Anonymous 88). A fool can see that government waste has struck again. This tangled mess of regulation, among other things, increases costs and diffuses accountability for policy actions gone awry. The most effective remedy to correct this problem would be to consolidate most of the supervisory responsibilities of the regulatory agencies into one agency. This would reduce costs to both the government and the banks, and would allow the parts of the agencies not consolidated to concentrate on their primary tasks. One such plan was introduced by Treasury Secretary Lloyd Bentsen in March of 1994. The plan called for folding, into a new independent federal agency (called the Banking Commission), the regulatory portions of the Off ice of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS). This plan would save the government $150 to $200 million a year. This would also allow the FDIC to concentrate on deposit insurance and the Fed to concentrate on monetary policy (Anonymous 88). Of course this is Washington, not The Land of Oz, so everyone can't be satisfied with this plan. Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan and FDIC Chairman Ricki R. Tigert have been vocal opponents of the plan. Greenspan has four major complaints about the plan. First, divorced from the banks, the Fed would find it harder to forestall and deal with financial crises. Second, monetary policy would suffer because the Fed would have less access to review the banks. Thirdly, a supervisor with no macroeconomic concerns might be too inclined to discourage banks from taking risks, slowing the economy ...

Gays in US essays

Gays in US essays At this time, all states have an explicit ban on same sex marriages. Each state has gone at one time or another and made the decision to not allow same sex marriages. This primarily started in 1996 when conservatives and religious groups pushed through Congress, The Defense of Marriage Act which allows each state to set its own rules against, or for, same-sex marriages. Since then, the act and similar legislation has been adopted by 38 of the 50 states. Those congressional votes, and the passage of similar defense-of-marriage laws in 38 states, express an overwhelming consensus in our country for protecting the institution of marriage. Gay advocacy groups have been actively challenging the law, which they claim violates a constitutional equal rights guarantees, barring discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. This constitutional amendment comes at a time when individual states have started to make their own laws concerning the subject of same-sex marriages. San Francisco authorities have married over three thousand couples in a defiance of law and have made this a high-profile case. This is in direct violation of proposition 22 which was passed in March of 2000 by a 61% to 39% by the Californian voters, which calls for a ban on recognizing such marriages. This is one of the reasons that Bush has had to act so quickly on the banning of same-sex marriages. "A few judges and local authorities are presuming to change the most fundamental institution of civilization. Their actions have created confusion on an issue that requires clarity," Bush said in the ornate Roosevelt Room. Bush also noted that a constitutional provision known as the "full faith and credit" clause can be read to require all states to recognize same-sex marriages performed in just one state. "Marriage cannot be severed fro m its cultural, religious and natural roots without weakening the good influence of society. Government, by recognizing and ...

Content Creation Process How To Build Yours In 5 Steps

Content Creation Process How To Build Yours In 5 Steps Anyone can create mediocre content.  Creating content that has been published, republished, reworked, and repurposed a million times is easy. But creating valuable, relevant, quality content is hard. It takes time, effort, energy, resources, and knowledge. Most of this- in small businesses- is  wrapped up in the expert owners who are also tasked with running the business, serving the clients, and managing the marketing and outreach. Plus, lets face it. Just the thought of content creation can make many business owners cringe in horror, and theyd rather make that extra cocktail. Writing and  content creation, especially if youre out of practice, is not fun. Then when you add on the pressure of making it something your audience will drool over and share on social media- it can be incredibly intimidating.How To Build A #Content Creation Process That Will Boost Your #SmallBusiness via @jenniferbournIf You're Not Using Content Marketing As A Primary Strategy To Reach Your Audience,  You're Already Behind Take a look at these stats: Website conversion rate is nearly 6x higher for content marketing adopters than non-adopters (2.9% vs 0.5%). 73% of B2B content marketers are producing more content than they did one year ago. 95% of B2B enterprise marketers use content marketing. 86% of B2C marketers use content marketing. 60% of marketers create at least one piece of content each week. Your audience and prospects are using social media, they click links, read blogs, watch videos, listen to podcasts, subscribe to newsletters- and they share the high-quality, high-value content with their friends. Consumers buy when they're ready to buy, not when you're ready for them to buy. If you're not there, top of mind, when your prospects are ready to buy, know that your competitors will be. People  buy when they're ready to buy, not when you're ready for them to buy.The Problem Most Small Businesses Face Isn't Creating Amazing Content It's creating amazing content consistently and sustaining it over time. The most common complaints and excuses I hear from business owners avoiding content marketing are: I have no time left in my schedule for one more task. I have other internal items that I need to create and focus on before I create extra marketing content. I need to shore up my business systems and processes before I invest even more in my marketing. I don't know what to even write about or what people would care about. How do you overcome these beliefs? How do you create valuable content and do everything else you have to do, let alone sustain it over time? Here's the bad news: If you want a quick, easy solution- and you don't want to do any work- you aren't going to like anything I have to say. Here's the good news: Creating a sustainable content creation process will elevate your business and build your expert status- and it's easier than you think. There are systems and tactics you can employ to drastically increase the results gained from your investment in content creation. It just takes some planning... Step 1: Assess Where Content Creation Could Improve Experiences, Value, Profitability, And Systems Before you start creating content, you need to know why you are creating content. This is where we do a deep dive with clients into the inner-workings of their business, identifying all areas that could benefit from content creation. The most common areas needing content creation include: Customer education Client onboarding Client training List building offers Income stream diversification (information products and courses) Marketing and blogging efforts Speaking/presentations Creating systems and processes Employee training When looking at this list, most business owners realize they are severely lacking in the content department. They see that they don't have any client educational materials or they have no processes for their services, and they start to feel very overwhelmed. If this is you right now, it's okay. Hang in there with me and I promise I'm going to make this seem much easier and much more doable. Step 2: Brainstorm Types Of Content And Topics For Each Category Identified In Step 1 Once you have list of each category or area in your business that could benefit from content creation, brainstorm every bit of content that could be created to reach your goals. Let's use list building offers and client onboarding as examples. Here are several ideas for new list building opt-in offers: Checklist or tips sheet (for general interest and expert positioning) Whitepaper on what prospects should do before hiring you (to create more qualified prospects and expert positioning) Industry-targeted done-for-you tool or resource (for expert positioning) A special report teaching people about what you do (to create more qualified prospects and expert positioning) Other educational materials Here are several different pieces of content that could be created to improve your client onboarding process: Welcome email/message/video What to expect email/message Overview of your process Tips for getting the most out of their investment with you and having success Things you need from your client/things you need them to do New client questionnaire with instructions and an overview of why you're asking these questions Overview of what will happen next Glossary of industry terms or guidebook Educational materials like e-books, whitepapers, or simple checklists that will help them work with you and communicate more clearly Step 3: Identify Content Overlap Between Categories And Content That You Can Repurpose Now here's where the magic starts to happen. Now we examine the list building offers list, which contains mostly marketing-related content, and the client onboarding list, which contains mostly business building, internal content. It's easy to see that focusing on the client onboarding content will positively impact your business, improve client experience, and streamline your process (say hello to automation). It's doable. But when you add the content that needs to created for marketing and list-building purposes, things start to feel overwhelming and definitely not doable. Here's the thing. It only feels overwhelming because you're looking at them as two separate areas of content- when they really are the same. Yes! You can create the content needed to run your business and  the content you need to market your business at the same time! For example: You could turn your list of tips for getting the most out of their investment with you and having success that you create for your onboarding process into a list-building tips sheet or checklist. You could repurpose your list of things you need from your client/things you need them to do before you get started into a whitepaper on what people should do before investing in the service you provide. You could turn your new client questionnaire into a done-for-you industry resource that others in your industry would opt-in for (making you a leader). You could turn the overview of your process that you give to new clients into a special report teaching people about the service you provide, how it works, and what they should expect. The glossary of terms or any other educational resource that will help your clients will also help your audience, so publish that content on your blog, too. In each of these scenarios, you're moving your business forward, adding value for your clients, providing helpful resources to your audience, and positioning yourself as an expert in your industry. Create #content to add value, help your audience, and position yourself as an expert.I know you're thinking that clients won't see the value in paying you for content that already exists for free on your blog or in an opt-in offer. But you're wrong. The magic comes when you put your content in front of your audience or clients at the right time- exactly when they need it. A new client who needs to know more about topic XYZ will be frustrated if they have to search through your blog archives for each individual blog post on the topic. But if you combined the blog posts into one special report and provided it to them at the exact time they need that information, your content immediately becomes more valuable. Step 4: Map Out Your Content Creation Plan Many business owners have great intentions. They want to blog once a week or twice a week, they start out strong, then slowly fade away. Or they start tons of content pre-scheduled and when it runs out, they completely disappear. A content creation plan is the key to ensuring your efforts are sustainable and not a "blitz and disappear" act. Content marketing is a marathon, not a sprint. Success requires focus, resources, and commitment for the long haul. The idea is to base it on the core content you need to improve your business and then repurpose the content so you get the biggest returns on your efforts. A #content creation plan will ensure sustainable creation and not a 'blitz and disappear' act.Here's what you need to do: Identify what content is your top priority (make it one that will help improve your business, like creating your onboarding process) Write down how much time you'll need to create, proof, and design each piece of content needed Decide how you will repurpose the content you're creating (like turning the overview of your process into a special report teaching people about the service you provide, how it works, and what they should expect) Write down how much time you'll need to create, proof, and design the new items Write down any other ways you can repurpose the same content (like turning it into a blog post) Get a blank month-at-a-glance calendar Review all of the content you want to create and how long each piece will take. Give yourself deadlines and write them in your calendar. Some tips to make this process easier: Don't bit off more than you can chew! Be realistic with your deadlines and timelines. Don't base your milestones on the requirement that you work nights and weekends to get it done, because chance are you won't. Trying to do everything at once will cause stress, frustration, and burnout. Make quality the priority! It's better to produce content less frequently and ensure it's awesome, than publish mediocre content often Consider the order in which you create content. For example, instead of creating all of the content for a new on boarding sequence first then repurposing it, create once piece of the process, repurpose it into a list building offer, then publish a portion of it as a blog post that promotes the list building offer. Consider tackling one "chunk" of content each month, so one piece of the onboarding process, one list building offer, and one blog post gets done each month. It's better to produce #content less frequently and ensure it's awesome. #contentmarketingStep 5:  Include Supplemental Marketing Content In Your Creation Process With your marketing calendar and content creation plan in hand, it's time to add some supplemental content. After all, publishing one blog post a month isn't going to get you very far if your competitors are posting two, three, four, or more times every month. The supplemental content could be articles, videos, or audios. It could be commentary of current events or another article you read, or a recap or review of a tool or resource you found. First, choose two pieces of supplemental content to add to your marketing calendar for each month. Consider choosing one quick easy post type and one more involved, like an article and a review, or an article and a commentary piece. Second, reach out to podcast hosts, radio shows, event hosts, and entrepreneurs who host teleclasses and webinars about being a guest. Set a goal to do one interview or speaking engagement per month, then write a blog post promoting it. Wrap Up: You've Got A Sustainable Content Creation Process Once you complete these exercises, you'll have a marketing calendar with a sustainable content creation plan in place- one that guarantees each month you'll have: One piece of content to move your business forward One free resource or list building free offer Three blog posts (one repurposed from the content above, one article, and one short-form post) One interview recap, positioning you as an expert Plus, numerous social media posts can be created from the content, too That's one blog post each week! Considering business-to-business companies that blog generate 67% more leads per month than those who don't blog, the argument for content marketing is pretty much a no-brainer. Stay Focused,  Stay Committed, And Stay Consistent It's true that the more content you publish, the more traffic you'll enjoy and the more leads you'll receive. But don't get swept up in the need to blog every day. Unless blogging is  your business, daily blogging isn't a must. And don't get sucked in by the claims that quantity is better than quality. Publishing something awesome once a week will trump publishing lots of mediocre crap.

Software Architecture report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Software Architecture report - Essay Example This level of abstraction is called software architectural styles or patterns. These styles and patterns synonymously refer to a composition and arrangement of components and the way of interaction between these components (Bass, Clements, & Kazman, 2003, Section 5.9). This arrangement is in actual a generalization of the best practices adopted in specific problems. By identifying the style or pattern involved in a particular architecture, the software architects can immediately understand the basic working model of the intended system. Software architecture is a formal arrangement of integral elements/components of a system while architectural style or pattern is a generalization of the best practice solution that can be applied in a particular scenario. It represents of a  set of principles that provide an abstract framework of components, their types (whether a repository of computational component, etc.) their layout and relationships (e.g. input and output dependencies) and interaction mechanisms (e.g. events based, procedure calls, etc.) that all systems falling into a similar category can follow. Thus, architectural styles or patterns aid in partitioning a system and facilitate in reusing the pre-existing solution designs to solve the frequently occurring similar system formulation problems (Garland & Anthony, 2003, p. 171; Gomaa, 2011, p. 198). The problem and context of the selected architectural components aid in selecting a particular architectural style characterizing components and connectors (Gomaa, 2011, p. 205). In a style or pattern, components could be computational, memory related, managerial or a controller while the connector depicting interaction mechanisms between components could be procedure call, data flow, implicit invocation, message passing, shared data or instantiation. Section 2.1 to 2.10 provides a brief description of a few architectural styles and patterns (Taylor, Medvidovic, &